一个基于matlab的建模与仿真软件包的电动和混合动力电动汽车的设(2)

1772IEEETRANSACTIONSONVEHICULARTECHNOLOGY,VOL.48,NO.6,NOVEMBER

1999

Fig.4.Powerplantrepresentationofconventionalvehicledrivetrainde-signedusingV-Elph.

TABLEI

SPECIFICATIONSOFICEDRIVET

RAIN

Simulationstudieswereperformedforeachvehicleusingasimpleaccelerationanddecelerationdrivecycle,anFTP-75ur-bandrivecycle,afederalhighwaydrivecycle,andacommuterdrivecycle.Variousperformanceparametersgeneratedduringthesimulationstudiesaregraphicallypresentedinthepaper.Atableisincludedwhichcomparesperformanceparameterssuchasfuelconsumptionandemissionsforeachsimulationstudy.

A.ICEConventionalDriveTrainDesign

TheconventionalICE-drivendrivetrainwasdesignedbasedonthespeci cationsofaBuickLeSabre(1991model)[28].Thevehiclesfour-speedautomatictransmissionwasmodeledasamanualtransmissionwithaclutch,retainingthesameoverallgearratios.Itisafour-doorsedansix-passengervehiclewithadesired0–60mphinthe10-srangecharacteristicandacurbweightof3483lbs(1580kgs).ThepowerplantisshowninFig.4.TableIshowstheengineandvehiclespeci cationsutilizedtodesigntheconventionaldrivetrain.B.ParallelHybridElectricDriveTrainDesign

Inatypicalparalleldesign,consistingofanICEandanelectricmotorinatorque-combiningcon guration,eithertheICEortheelectricmotorcanbeconsideredtheprimaryenergysourcedependingonthevehicledesignandenergymanagementstrategy.ThedrivetraincanalsobedesignedsothattheICEandelectricmotorarebothresponsibleforpropulsionoreachistheprimemoveratacertaintimeinthedrivecycle.Acomponent’sfunctionalrolecouldchangewithinthecourseofadrivecycleduetobatterydepletionorothervehiclerequirements.Vehiclearchitecturedecisions,controlstrategies,componentselectionandsizing,gearing,

and

Fig.5.ParallelHEVdrivetraincon guration.

otherdesignparametersbecomeconsiderablymorecomplexinaparallelhybridduetothesheernumberofchoicesandtheireffectonavehiclesperformancegivenaparticularmission.Thevehicledrivetraincon gurationinFig.5wasdesignedinV-ElphforaparallelHEV.Itisbasedonatypicalmid-sizedfamilysedanwithagrossmassof1838Kgthatincludestheadditionalbatteriesusedinthehybridpowerplant.ThedrivetrainincludesacontrollerwhichmanipulatesthetorquecontributionsoftheelectricmotorandICE.Thebatteryprovidespowerfortheinductionmotor.TheICEmodelwassizedtoprovideenoughpowertomaintainacruisingspeedof120km/honalevelroadandtheelectricmachinewassizedtoprovideacceptableaccelerationperformanceof0–100km/hin16sforshorttimeintervals.

TheICEmodelwasdesignedbasedonPowellsengineanalysis[29].Theinductionmachinemodel[20]performstwofunctionsinthedrivetrain:asamotoritprovidestorqueatthewheelstoacceleratethevehicle,andasageneratoritrechargesthebatteryduringdeceleration(regenerativebraking)orwhen-everthetorqueproducedbythepowerplantexceedsthedemandfromthedriver.Vectorcontrolwasutilizedtoextendtheconstantpowerregionofthemotor,makingitpossibletorunthemotoroverawidespeedrange.Themotorcanprovidetherequestedtorqueuptotheconstantpowerthresholdatspeedsabovethebasespeedofthemotor;operationbeyondthispointisrestrictedtoavoidexceedingthemotor’spowerrating.TheHEVdesignutilizesthewidespeedrangeofthevector-controlledinductionmotortoimprovetheoverallsystemef ciency.

Thebatterymodel[23]usesthecurrentloadandbatterystateofchargetodeterminedcbusvoltage.Voltagetendstodropasthestateofchargedecreasesandastheamountofcurrentdrawnfromthebatteryincreases.Atlowcurrents,thebatteryef ciencyisreasonablyhighregardlessofthestateofcharge.

TwoparallelHEVdrivetrainsweredesignedusingdifferentcontrolstrategies,referredtoascontrolstrategy1andcontrolstrategy2.Controlstrategy1operatessuchthattheICErunsataconstantfuelthrottleangleandtheelectricmachinemakesupthedifferencebetweenthetorquerequestedbythedriverandthetorqueproducedbytheICE.Thisschemeaims

BUTLERetal.:MATLAB-BASEDMODELINGANDSIMULATIONPACKAGETABLEII

COMPONENTSOF

PARALLELHYBRIDDRIVET

RAIN

Fig.6.Drivetrainforserieshybridvehicle.

tominimizetheamountoftimethattheICEisinusebymaximizingthespeedatwhichtheICEisengagedtothewheelswhilemaintainingthebatterystateofchargeoverthedrivecycle.Controlstrategy2operatessuchthattheICErunsoveritsentirespeedrangeandmakestheICEthrottleangleafunctionofspeedtomeetthesteady-stateroadload.Thegeneralprinciplebehindeachstrategyisthattheelectricmotorprovidespowerforpropulsionduringthetransients,accelerationtodeceleration,andtheICEprovidespropulsionduringcruising.

ThesizesofthecomponentsfortheparallelhybriddrivetrainarestatedinTableII.

C.SeriesHybridElectricDriveTrainDesign

InaserieshybridEV,onlyoneenergyconverterprovidestorquetothewheelswhiletheothersareusedtorechargeanenergyaccumulator,usuallyabatterypack.Inatypicalserieshybriddesign,anICE/generatorpairchargesthebatteriesandonlythemotoractuallyprovidespropulsion.TheserieshybriddrivetrainshowninFig.6includesacontrollerandpowerplantandwasdesignedbasedonHochgraf’swork[30].Avector-controlledinductionmotorpoweredbyadcbatterypackof156Vsuppliesthepoweratthedrivewheels.Inaddition,thereisanauxiliarypowerunit(APU)comprisingofanICEdrivinganinductiongenerator.TheAPUsuppliespowertothebatterywhenthedemandedcurrentbytheinductionmotorexceedsathresholdvalueof75A.Thelocalcontrollerisresponsibleforthefollowingtasks:

demandingatorque(positiveornegative)fromthein-ductionmotordependingondrivecyclerequirements; forswitchingon/offtheAPU.

Thetorquedemandedfromtheinductionmotorispositiveduringaccelerationandcruisephasesofthedrivecycle(motoringmode)andisnegativeduringthedecelerationphaseofthedrivecycle(generatormode).Duringthemotoring

1773

TABLEIII

COMPONENTS

OF

SERIESHYBRIDDRIVET

RAIN

Fig.7.EVdrivetrain.

mode,currentisdrawnfromthebattery(discharging)andduringgenerationmodecurrentissuppliedtothebattery(charging).

WhentheAPUison,theICEisrunningatitsoptimumspeedandtheinductiongeneratorchargesthebattery;inthe“off”mode,theICEidles.Thus,theAPUisresponsiblefordecreasingthedrainonthebatterypack,especiallyduringtheacceleratio …… 此处隐藏：6369字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……