中考英语阅读理解方法讲解与试题汇编(附答案)

2013年中考怎么考

阅读理解

掌握本节课中阅读理解各个题型的主要技巧与方法。

命题人怎么想

阅读理解的测试要求：

1.考查学生在阅读理解中准确捕获信息的能力。通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的词

汇、语法等方面的语言的知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，能回答短文后面所给的问题。

2.要求学生既要理解具体事实，也要理解抽象的概念。

3.要求学生既要理解文章的表层意思，还要通过文章的表层去合理推断，挖掘文章

隐含、延伸意义，包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音”。

4.要求学生既要理解某句、某段的意思，又要弄懂全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推

理和判断。

5.要求学生既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生自身所拥有的常识去推

理、判断。

猜词题

猜词题的技巧：

（1）巧抓关键词语。阅读理解中的猜词题主要考查对文中的关键词语的理解。在阅读理解中，所考查的词或短语的意思往往不要停留在字面的含义上，要根据语境来判断。并且对it, that, they 等代词所指代对象进行判断。

（2）重视转折连词。在but, however, yet, otherwise, though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。

（3）关注因果连词。有时文章借助关联词（组）because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等表示前因后果。

（4）理解概念术语。作者为更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念，难懂的术语或词汇等做些解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容

易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，定义或解释形式多样，常由is, that is (to say), in other words, call, mean, deal with, refer to等词汇或者破折号等标点来表示。

【例题一】

Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler who is one of the most famous men in American education.

Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work.

Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标) that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

51. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?

A. Top managers.

C. Serious educators.

A. interested in teaching

C. satisfied with teaching

A. The University of Chicago.

C. Ohio State University.

答案：CAB

【例题二】 B. Factory workers. D. Science researcher. B. tired of teaching D. unhappy about teaching B. Stanford University. D. Nebraska University. 52. The underlined phrase ―hooked on teaching‖ in Paragraph 2 probably means 53. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

A research shows that expressions on our faces have a strong relationship with our genes(基因achieved in cultural learning.

This is the first research to show that blind people have the same facial expressions as the sighted when showing certain feelings—the same facial muscles(肌肉) start working. What’s more, the research gives the new method of how people control their feelings in certain social situations. It states that people do not learn to manage their facial expressions by examining the expressions of others.

In his study, David Matsumoto, San Francisco State University Psychology Professor, examined facial expressions of blind and sighted judo athletes(柔道运动员) that took part in the Summer Olympics and Paralympics(残奥会). He examined over 4,800 pictures of different athletes who came from 23 countries. Matsumoto found that both blind and sighted sportsmen had the same facial expressions, according to a specific social situation. ―This suggests genes decide facial expressions of feelings,‖ he said.

One of his findings was the ―social smiles‖ of judo athletes who lost their match and got the second place. It is interesting to find that only mouth muscles are used in social smiles, while during real smiles, shown when a person is really happy, the eyes of a person twinkle and get smaller and the cheeks(脸颊) rise.

―Losers pushed their lower lip up as if to control the feeling on their face and many produced social smiles,‖ said Matsumoto, ―People blind from birth were unable to learn to manage their feelings with the help of examining other’s facial expressions.‖ He thought that there must be another system involved.

―It’s possible that in order to hide sad feelings, humans have developed a system that closes the mouth so that they are stopped from crying, biting or rudeness,‖ he said.

57. The underlined word ―innate‖ in the first paragraph means _________.

A. from birth B. from daily life

C. from others D. from teaching

58. According to the passage, real smiles are different from social smiles in ________.

A. opening the eyes

C. closing the mouth

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