胡壮麟语言学名词解释(3)

86. hyponymy:

a relation between tow words, in which the meaning of one word(the superordinate)is included in the meaning of another word(the hyponym)

87. superordinate: the upper term in hyponymy, i.e.the class name. A superordinate usually has several hyponyms. Under animal, for example, there are cats, dogs, pigs, etc,

88. semantic component:

a distinguishable element of meaning in a word with two values, e.g<+human>

89. compositionality:

a principle for sentence analysis, in which the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined.

90. selection restriction:

semantic restrictions of the noun phrases that a particular lexical item can take, e.g. regret requires a human subject.

91. prepositional logic:

also known as prepositional calculus or sentential calculus, is the study of the truth conditions for propositions: how the truth of a composite propositions and the connection between them.

92. proposition;

what is talk about in an utterance, that part of the speech act which has to do with reference.

93. predicate logic:

also predicate calculus, which studies the internal structure of simple.

94. assimilation theory:

language(sound, word, syntax, etc)change or process by which features of one element change to match those of another that precedes or follows.

95. cohort theory:

theory of the perception of spoken words proposed in the mid-1980s. It saaumes a ―recognition lexicon‖in which each word is represented by a full and

independent‖recognistion element‖.When the system receives the beginning of a relevant acoustic signal, all elements matching it are fully activated, and, as more of the signal is received, the system tries to match it independently with each of them, wherever it fails the element is deactivated; this process continues until only one remains active.

96. context effect:

this effect help people recognize a word more readily when the receding words provide an appropriate context for it.

97. frequency effect:

describes the additional ease with which a word is accessed due to its more frequent usage in language.

98. inference in context:

any conclusion drawn from a set of proposition, from something someone has said, and so on. It includes things that, while not following logically, are implied, in an ordinary sense, e.g. in a specific context.

99. immediate assumption:

the reader is supposed to carry out the progresses required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word in encountered.

100. language perception:

language awareness of things through the physical senses, esp, sight.

101. language comprehension:

one of the three strand of psycholinguistic research, which studies the understanding of language.

102. language production:

a goal-directed activety, in the sense that people speak and write in orde to make friends, influence people, convey information and so on.

103. language production:

a goal-directed activity, in the sense that people speak and write in order to make friends, influence people, concey information and so on.

104. lexical ambiguity:

ambiguity explained by reference to lexical meanings:e.g.that of I saw a bat, where a bat might refer to an animal or, among others, stable tennis bat.

105. macroproposition:

general propositions used to form an overall macrostructure of the story.

106. modular:

which a assumes that the mind is structuied into separate modules or components, each governed by its own principles and operating independently of others.

107. parsing:

the task of assigning words to parts of speech with their appropriate accidents, traditionally e.g.to pupils learning lat in grammar.

108. propositions:

whatever is seen as expressed by a sentence which makes a statement. It is a property of propositions that they have truth values.

109. psycholinguistics:

is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological reality of linguistic structure. Psycholinguistics can be divided into cognitive psycholing uistics(being concerned above all with making inferences about the content of human mind, and experimental psycholinguistics(being concerned somehow whth empirical matters, such as speed of response to a particular word).

110. psycholinguistic reality:

the reality of grammar, etc.as a purported account of structures represented in the

mind of a speaker. Often opposed, in discussion of the merits of alternative grammars, to criteria of simplicity, elegance, and internal consistency.

111. schemata in text:

packets of stored knowledge in language processing.

112. story structure:

the way in which various parts of story are arranged or organized.

113. writing process:

a series of actions or events that are part of a writing or continuing developmeng.

114. communicative competence:

a speaker’s knowledge of the total set of rules, conventions, etc.governing the skilled use of language in a society. Distinguished by D.Hymes in the late 1960s from Chomsley’s concept of competence, in the restricted sense of knowledge of a grammar.

115. gender difference:

a difference in a speech between men and women is‖genden difference‖

116. linguistic determinism:

one of the two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, nguage determines thought.

117. linguistic relativity:

one of the two points in Spir-Whorf hypotheis, i.e.there’s no limit to …… 此处隐藏：5372字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……