胡壮麟语言学名词解释

2.Discuss the different theories of child language acquisition with reference to the behaviorist learning model and the nativist biological model.

答案：

The Behaviorist view : Language acquisition is a process of habit formation .

A child ' s Verbal behavior is conditioned through association between a stimulus and the following response . Children are believed to gradually assume correct forms of the language of their community when their " bad " speech gets corrected and when their good speech gets positively reinforced .

The Nativist view : Language acquisition is a genetically detemined capacity that all humans are endowed with . Humans are predisposed or biologically programmed to acquire at least one language . language development can thus be regarded as analogous to other biological

developments in human growth and maturation , such as the growth and maturation of one ' s Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language

Linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the "polite" society from general use. Obscene , profane and swear words are all taboo words that are to be avoided entirely, or at least avoided in mixed company.

胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案

Define the following terms:

Chapter1

1. design feature:

are features that define our human languages, such as arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, cultural transmission, etc.

2. function:

the use of language to ommunicate, to think ,etc. anguage functions inclucle

imformative function, interpersonal function, performative function, interpersonal function, performative function, emotive function, phatic communion, recreational function and metalingual function.

3. etic:

a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s

distinction of phonetics and phonemics. Being etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential, differentiations, just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper.

4. emic:

a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics. An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech

communith rather than via qppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone.

5. synchronic:

a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually, but not necessarily, the present),as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.

6. diachronic:

study of a language is carried through the course of its history.

7. prescriptive:

the study of a language is carried through the course of its history.

8. prescriptive:

a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be, ying down rules for language use.

9. descriptive:

a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described.

10. arbitrariness:

one design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.

11. duality:

one design feature of human language, which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary. level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.

12. displacement: one design feature of human language, which means human

language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present c in time and space, at the moment of communication.

13. phatic communion:

one function of human language, which refers to the social interaction of language.

14. metalanguage:

certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies.

15. macrolinguistics:

he interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology, sociology, ethnograph, science of law and artificial intelligence etc. Branches of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics,

anthropological linguistics, et

16. competence:

language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules.

17. performance:

the actual use of language in concrete situation.

18. langue:

the linguistic competence of the speaker.

19. parole:

the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances).

Chapter2

20． Articulatory phonetics:

the study of production of speechsounds.

21． Coarticulation:

a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved. Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative coarticulation.

22． Voicing: pronouncing a sound (usually a vowel or a voiced consonant) by vibrating the vocal cords.

23． Broad and narrow transcription:

the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; while, the

use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription.

24． Consonant:

are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.

25． Phoneme:

the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular language.

26． Allophone:

any of the different forms of a phoneme(eg.<th>is an allop …… 此处隐藏：5349字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……