The Dynamics of A Self-Forming Network

This article describes our strategy for deploying self-forming ad hoc networks based on the Internet Protocol version 6 and evaluates the dynamics of this proposal. Among others, we suggest a technique called adaptive routing that provides secure intellige

1

TheDynamicsofASelf-FormingNetwork

IgorSobradoandDaveUhring

Abstract—Thisarticledescribesourstrategyfordeployingself-formingadhocnetworksbasedontheInternetProtocolversion6andevaluatesthedynamicsofthisproposal.Amongothers,wesuggestatechniquecalledadaptiveroutingthatprovidessecureintelligentroutingcapabilitiestocomputercom-municationnetworks.Thistechniqueusesthe owlabel,supports6

hybridmetrics,networkloadsharing,andisnotrestrictedto0evaluationofperformanceon rsthoprouterswhenmaking0routingdecisions.Selectiveanycastingisanextensiontothe2anycastaddressingmodelthatsupportsexclusionofmembers gofgroupsthatperformpoorlyorinappropriatelyonaper-hostubasis.Distributednamelookupissuggestedforintegratingself-Aformingandglobalnetworkswheretheycoexist.Atlast,weposeanaddresshierarchytosupportunmanageddiscoveryofservices 8inunknownnetworks.

]INI.INTRODUCTION

.S

ELF-FORMINGadhoccomputernetworks[1]willbe-sccomeanactiveresearch eldinthecomingyears.As[otherself-organizingnetworks,thesenetworksareableto respondtohostileactionssuchasDenialofService(DoS)and1vDistributedDenialofService(DDoS)attacksmoreef ciently1thantraditionalnetworks.Thisabilityisusefulfordeploying4unmanagedcomputernetworks.Self-formingnetworksare0anadequateplatformtodeployproposalslikeintelligentau-8tonomousagents[2]thatrequiresomedegreeofsurvivability06inthenetworkinfrastructure.

Afaulttolerantnetworkliketheonesuggestedabove/0requiresintelligentroutingcapabilitiesandatechniqueforscdiscoveringandallocatingresourcesinaunmanagedandnon-:vcentralizedway.Requirementsinclude:

i Reliable,faulttolerant,communicationnetworkssupport-Xinganintelligentroutingframeworkandredundancy;ra Discoveryofdevicesofferingservicesinadynamicnetworkingenvironment,inanunmanagedway;

Integrationwithexistingnetworkinfrastructureswhereavailable,supportingaworld-widereachingtechnique; Automaticcon gurationofdevices;and, nally, Asecurenetworkinfrastructure.

Inthispaperweproposeatechnique,calledadaptiverouting,thatprovidessecureintelligentroutingcapabilitiestocomputernetworksatanautonomoussystem(AS)level.Thistechnique,basedontheuseofthe owlabel eld,resolvesthesecurityissuesassociatedwithotherroutingproposalsinasimpleandelegantway.Selectiveanycastingincreasestherobustnessofanycastaddressing,enablinghoststoselectivelyrejectthosemembersofanycastgroupsthatdonot ttheirrequirementsbutarestillalive.

Themostimportantcontributionsofthismanuscriptarethedevelopmentofasecureintelligentroutinginfrastructure

I.SobradoandD.UhringarewithFort´eComputerSystems,Inc.,110EastMainStreet,Collinsville,Illinois62234,USA.

forcomputercommunicationnetworks,andanextensiontoanycastingthatsigni cantlyincreasestherobustnessandreli-abilityofthisaddressingmodel.Discoveryofservicesandadistributednamelookupmechanism,presentedinitiallyin[3]fortheautomaticcon gurationofIPv6devices,isappliedtoself-formingnetworks.

Theremainderofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.InSectionIIweintroducerelatedwork.SectionIIIdescribesthenotationalconventionsusedinthisarticle.SectionIVoutlinesourproposalfordeployingself-formingadhocnetworksatatheoreticallevel.SectionVprovidesaperformanceevaluationofourprototypewhencomparedwithcurrent xednetworks.SectionVIpresentsthesecurityweaknessescommonlyfoundonadhocnetworksand,morespeci cally,self-formingnet-works,andhowourproposalmanagesthosesecurityissues.SomepossibleresearchlinesareshowninSectionFinally,conclusionsareoutlinedinSectionII.RELATEDWORK

TheInternetProtocolversion6(IPv6)[4],[5]isagoodfoundationfordeployingself-formingcomputernetworks.Thiscommunicationprotocolprovideshierarchicaladdressesandisakeyelementforsupportingsafeintelligentroutingusingthe owlabel eld.Thissectionprovidesanoverviewofresearcheffortsrelatedwithourproposal.

TheDynamicHostCon gurationProtocol(DHCPv6)[6]allowspassingcon gurationparameterssuchasnetworkaddresses,netmasks,andhostnamestonetworknodesfromaDHCPserver.

The owlabel eld[7]enablesclassi cationofpacketsbelongingtoaspeci cstreambythe label,src,dst triplet.This eldcanbeusedbythepacketclassi erinaroutertoef cientlyforwardtraf cforaparticulardatastream.Asroutersdonotneedtoparsetheoptionhead-ers,packetscanbeprocessedfaster,increasingeffectiveroutersthroughput.

Intelligentroutecontrollers[8]–[10]areappliancesthatmakeroutingdecisionsformulti-homedconnectionsim-plementingroutechangesinBorderGatewayProtocol(BGP)[11]routers.Currently,non-BGProutingisacosteffectivesolutionfornetworksthatdonotwanttorunaroutingprotocolascomplexasBGP.Anintelligentroutecontrolleroptimizestraf croutedfromasubsetoftheInternetaddressspacetoasetofnon-overlappingregionscalledclusters.

TheInternetControlMessageProtocol(ICMPv6)[4]REDIRECTmessagesareusedbyrouterstoinformothernodesofabetter rsthoptowardadestination.Con-sideredharmfulbysecurityconcernedsites,REDIRECTmessagesarenothonoredbymostrouters.

This article describes our strategy for deploying self-forming ad hoc networks based on the Internet Protocol version 6 and evaluates the dynamics of this proposal. Among others, we suggest a technique called adaptive routing that provides secure intellige

TABLEI

NOTATIONALCONVENTIONSUSEDINTHISPAPERSymbol

De nition

2

bj

nj+

wji(p1,p2,...,pn),(1)

i=1

whereP=(p0;p1,p2,...,pn)isasetofparametersthat

de netherequirementsofthehybridmetric;inthisequation,

bj=minbj1≤i≤ni

(2)

j

istheend-to-endeffectivebandwidthbetweenthesource

anddestinationhostsintermediatesystemrj(bjiisjtheavailablebandwidthinthe,pn)isthecost2ofrjintherouteRjforPi);w.Thei(p1,p2,...bestpathdiscoveredistheoneithatminimizestheend-to-endcost:

…… 此处隐藏：12042字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……