第2章1 楼宇供配电系统(英文)

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Chapter 2 Power supply and distribution system

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Typical system inside the building 2.3 system diagram reading2.4 monitoring system 2.5 Examples

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2.1 IntroductionHydropower plant Thermal power plant Nuclear power plant

Power supply system

Larger user

UserTransmission and distribution

Substation Power line

Larger user

User

Others 产生 传输 分配

Generating

transmitting

distributing

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2.1 Introduction

110kV 220kV 500kV

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2.1 Introduction110kV 220kV 500kV 50-150km 200-400km 500km

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2.1 Introduction 380V

10kV35kV500kV

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2.1 IntroductionAutomation in Power Distribution◆ How does Power reach us? ◆ Bottlenecks in Power Reliability ◆ The Technology Development Mission

●Communication and Networking● Remote Terminal Unit ● Remotely Operable Switch ● (ASIC)Application Specific Integrated Circuit

● DA software ● Distribution Network Simulator

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2.1 Introduction

110kV 10kV

Power station

TransformerDistribution substations110kV

User

10kV 0.4kV 10kV

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2.2 Typical system inside the buildingMain Electrical Connection(a) OneS1

main + one spare single busS2

Main 主供 10kV Bus

Spare 备用

(a) ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Two inputs Single bus bar Save (area and finance ) Service interruption or blackout ( bus failure ) Building with low reliability requirement or low load

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2.2 Typical system inside the buildingMain Electrical Connection(a) OneS1

main + one spareS2

(b) Two inputs single bus with tie switchS1 S2

Main 主 10kV Bus

Spare 备 10kV Bus

Power1

Power2

Tie switch

(b) ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Two inputs Sectionalizing bus with tie switch Additional bus tie cabinet and voltage transformer cabinet

High reliabilityBuilding with high reliability requirement or high load

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2.2 Typical system inside the building(c) Two inputs with generator S1 S2 Power2

Power1

10kV busSelf-provided

10kV bus

generator

10kV/400Vemergencytransformer

Bus

400V bus

Two 10kV independent power inputs、self-supplied generator, Sectionalizing Single bus bar on low side。

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2.2 Typical system inside the buildingGenerator operation diagramdisappear Mains restore

市电

Self-start generator3S 10S 5min 10min

stop

generator Main switch

Main switch shut down

◆ 自备发电机组要选择有自启动装置的机组，市电停电后延时3s后开始 启动，启动时间约10s,发电机主开关合闸供电，当市电恢复后，机组延 时约5分钟(带载运行),再空载冷却运行约10分钟后自动停车。

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2.2 Typical system inside the buildingG generator Main I interlock Emergency bus Main II

Hall lighting Emergency lighting Important UPS computer load

Fire liftFire protection

两路市电与自备电源 ◆ 一级负荷单独分组方案， 将消防用电等一级负荷单独分出，并集中一 段母线供电，备用发电机组仅对此段母线提供备用电源。

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2.2 Typical system inside the buildingG generator Main I Inter Emergency bus Main II

Hall lighting Emergency lighting Important UPS computer load

Fire liftFire protection

◆ 正常情况，消防设备等用电设备为两路市电同时供电，应急母线电源 由其中一路市电供给。当两路市电失去一路，可以通过两路市电中间的 联络开关合闸恢复大部分供电，当两路市电全部失去时，自动启动机组 ATS开关转换，应急母线由机组供电，保证消防设备等重要负荷的供电。

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2.2 Typical system inside the buildingG generator Main I interlock Emergency bus Main II

Hall lighting Emergency lighting Important UPS computer load

Fire liftFire protection

◆ 对大厅照明等稍为重要的负荷，由于配电开关上装有失压脱扣器，在 市电故障时已全部分闸，然后可根据机组负荷情况手动合闸。例如此时 无火灾可全部合闸，如一旦发生火灾，则根据消防发出的指令自动跳闸。 方案适用于电网稳定、大楼重要负荷较多的工程。

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2.2 Typical system inside the building

◆ ATS (Automatic transfer switching equipment) ◆ ATS: safely switching from utility power to emergency generator power主要用在紧急供电系统 ◆ ATS: switching from a primary source to a secondary将负载从一个电源自动换接至另一个(备用)电源 ◆ ATS: 常常应用在重要用电场所，其产品可靠性尤为重要。

自动转换开关电器