英语长难句的翻译对策 考研英语(二)写作

在职硕士联考英语长难句

翻译对策李 纹

Section III Translation

Translate one passage into Chinese (150 words)15 points

英语： 简单句 +各种修饰语 ---较长的简单句 +连词 ---将简单句---更长的并列句或复合句

汉语： 尽量分成几个简短的句子来说明某个概念， 不常使用较长的句子 英语：常使用长句 汉语：常使用多个简单句

翻译长句的原则

分成几个汉语短句 再根据逻辑次序，重新安排句子结构：顺译， 倒译， 分译…

顺译法

长句的叙述层次与汉语相同时 可以按照英语原文的顺序，依次译出

While all three types are common, positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springborads for problem solving, while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious. 译：尽管这三种类型都很常见，积极型的 幻想最有可能作为解决问题的跳板，而消 极型和支离破碎型的白日梦可能会使人感 到焦虑不安。

There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him, and maybe that is where the rub is. 译：青年人与老年人之间只有一个差别, 那 就是青年人是鹏程万里, 而老年人的美好未 来已经过去。问题的症结也许就在这里。

倒译法(变序译法)

叙述层次与汉语相反

主句后面带有很长的状语从句(原因、条件、 让步) 主句后面有很长的定语或定语从句

That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. 译：这种理论的核心是：我们的环境同我 们的才能、特征及行为即使有什么联系的 话，也是微不足道的。

It was our view that the United States could be effective in both the tasks assigned by the president, i.e. , of ending hostilities, and making a contribution to a permanent peace in the Middle East – if we conducted ourselves so that we could remain in permanent contact with all these elements in the equation. 译：如果我们采取行动以便能继续与中东冲突各 方永远保持接触，美国就能担当总统布置的两项 任务，即结束中东敌对行动，并对该地区的永久 和平作出贡献。这就是我们的观点。

分译法----重要思想！

将原文的某一短语或从句先行单独译出 将原文中不好处理的成分拆开，译成相应 的句子或独立句子

Don’t forget that critics often make mistakes, the history of criticism is full of the blunders the most eminent of them have made, and you who read are the final judge of the value to you of the book you are reading. 译：别忘了评论家也是常常犯错误的, 最 有名望的评论家所犯的错误是历史上屡见 不鲜的。而你现在读的书对你有何价值,也 只有你, 读这本书的人, 才是最后的裁判。

Flying is the oldest dream of man, perhaps reaching back to the days when Cavemen looked longingly upward at the birds flying overhead as they wearily pursued the animals on the earth below. 译：飞行是人类最古老的梦想，也许要追 溯到穴居人时代。那时侯，当他们在地面 上追捕动物弄得筋疲力尽时，仰头看着在 头顶上飞翔的鸟儿时，无限向往。

综合法

当英语长难句顺译、逆译或分译，都 感到不便或有困难时，可对句子进行 综合处理，即采用综合法。

When Hetty read Arthur’s letter she gave way to despair. Then, by one of those conclusive, motiveless actions by which the wretched leap from temporary sorrow to life long misery, she determined to marry Adam. 译：海蒂读完阿瑟的信后陷入绝望之中。 后来，她采取了一个不幸者常常采取的那 种快刀斩乱麻的举动：嫁给了亚当，从而 陷入了终身的痛苦，为的不过是跳出那一 时的悲伤。