财务管理外文 文献

JournalofOperationsManagement25(2007)806–824

http://doc.guandang.net/locate/jom

The nancialperformanceeffectsofIT-basedsupplychain

managementsystemsinmanufacturing rms

BruceDehninga,1,VernonJ.Richardsonb,*,RobertW.Zmudc,2

ab

ArgyrosSchoolofBusinessandEconomics,ChapmanUniversity,Orange,CA92866,UnitedStatesSamM.WaltonCollegeofBusiness,UniversityofArkansas,Fayetteville,AR72701,UnitedStatesc

MichaelF.PriceCollegeofBusiness,UniversityofOklahoma,Norman,OK73019,UnitedStates

Received19August2004;receivedinrevisedform18May2006;accepted14June2006

Availableonline2November2006

Abstract

Thispaperexaminesthe nancialbene tsofinformationtechnologyinvestmentsaroundnewlyadoptedIT-basedsupplychainmanagement(SCM)systemsby123manufacturing rmsovertheperiod1994–2000.Weformhypothesesusingthevaluechaintospecifytheexpected nancialimpactofSCMsystems.Byexaminingthechangein nancialperformancepre-andpost-adoptioncontrollingforindustrymedianchangesinperformance,we ndthatSCMsystemsincreasegrossmargin,inventoryturnover,marketshare,returnonsales,andreduceselling,general,andadministrativeexpenses.Wealsoprovideamodelshowinghowprocessimprovementsaroundsupplychaininitiativescombinetoimproveoverallperformance.Finally,weshowthatcontextualeffectssuchas rmsinthehigh-techindustryandthescopeofthesupplychainimplementationhavedramaticeffectsontheoverall nancialperformanceresultingfromsupplychainimplementations.#2006ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.

Keywords:Informationtechnology;Supplychainmanagement;Firmperformance;Valuechain;Manufacturing

1.Introduction

RecentevidencesuggeststhatITinvestments,suchasIT-basedSCMsystems,aremostlikelytoprovidetangiblebusinessvaluewhenwelltargeted,welltimed,wellmanagedandaccompaniedwithcomplementaryinvestmentsandactions(BaruaandMukhopadhyay,2000).ThatITinvestmentsarewelltargeted,i.e.,theyare

*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+14795756803;fax:+14795752863.

E-mailaddresses:bdehning@chapman.edu(B.Dehning),vrichardson@walton.uark.edu(V.J.Richardson),rzmud@ou.edu(R.W.Zmud).1

Tel.:+17146282702;fax:+17145326081.2

Tel.:+14053250791;fax:+14053257482.

0272-6963/$–seefrontmatter#2006ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.jom.2006.09.001

undertakentoattainspeci cbusinessobjectives,isperhapsmostimportant.Thus,assessmentsofthebusinessvalueofITinvestmentsshouldlikewisere ectadirectpathfromthenatureoftheITinvestmentbeingundertakentospeci cmetricsre ectiveofthebusinessobjectivesbeingsought.MostoftheresearchexaminingthebusinessvalueofIT,however,hasfocusedonbroad,overarching rmperformancemetrics,suchasTobin’sq(Bharadwajetal.,1999),equitymarketcapitalization(BrynjolfssonandYang,1999)orstockpricechangesaroundtheannouncementofITinvestments(DosSantosetal.,1993;Dehningetal.,2003).WhilethesestudiesdoprovideinsightsintotheoverallbusinessvalueofITinvestment,associatedanalysesareaccompaniedbyconsiderablemeasurement‘noise’attributedto(1)theindirectpathbetweentheITinvestmentandthese

B.Dehningetal./JournalofOperationsManagement25(2007)806–824807

overarchingperformancemetricsand(2)arecognitionthattheseoverarchingperformancemetricsareaffectedbynumerousfactorsotherthanthefocalITinvestment(DehningandRichardson,2002).

Inasimilarvein,the rmperformanceeffectsassociatedwithSCMsystemshavetendedtobemeasuredwithhigh-levelmeasuresof nancialperfor-manceorwithself-reported,survey-basedprocessperformancemeasures.Extantresearchsuggeststhatlarge-scaleempiricalstudiesofthe nancialbene tsfromSCMareaselusiveasaconsensusde nitionofSCM(Scannelletal.,2000).ThebestrecentevidenceofthevalueofSCMisHendricksandSinghal(2003),whodemonstratethatproductionorshipmentdelaysattrib-utedtoSCMsystemsdecrease rmvaluebyanaverageof10.28%.However,HendricksandSinghalnotethatlargesampleempiricalevidencedirectlylinkingSCMsystemsto nancial rmperformancemetricsisquitelimitedgivencurrentlyavailableevidence(e.g.,FrohlichandWestbrook,2001;Krauseetal.,2000;NarasimhanandDas,1999;NarasimhanandJayaram,1998;Shinetal.,2000;Tanetal.,1999).

Theintentofthisstudyistoexplicitlyhypothesizethedirectimpactsofsupplychaininvestmentson(supplychainspeci c)processmetricsalongwithoverall nancialperformancemetricsusingaudited,externallyreported http://doc.guandang.netingaudited,externallyreported nancialperformancemeasuresaddsanimportantdegreeofveri ability,anessentialcharacteristicofaperformancemetric(Melnyketal.,2004).ItiscertainlypossibletoassesstheimpactoffocusedITinvestmentsbyconsideringtheimpactsof

theseinvestmentsvis-a

`-viscorrespondinglyfocused nancialaccounts.Mukhopadhyayetal.(1995),forexample,offerarareglimpseatthespeci cchangesindetailed nancialperformancemeasuresbyconsideringtheeffectsofEDIontotalinventory,obsoleteinventory,andpremiumfreightcharges;andBaruaetal.(1995)identifyrelationsbetweenvariousITandnon-ITinputsandbusinessprocesses,andrelationsbetweenthesebusinessprocessesandoverall rmperformance nding(a)apositiveimpactofITonbusinessprocessesand(b)thatcertainbusinessprocessesrelatepositivelytooverall rmperformance.Wefollowasimilarapproach,guidedbyPorter’svaluechain(Porter,1985).MotivationforusingthevaluechaintoguidetheselectionoftargetedperformancemeasurescanbefoundinVickeryetal.(2003,p.523).

Thetheoreticalfoundationforsupplychainintegra-tioncanbetracedtotheValueChainModel(Porter,1980,1985),andspeci cally,itsnotionoflinkages.

A‘‘linkage’’istherelationshipbetweenthewayinwhichonevalueactivityisperformedandthecostorperformanceofanother.Porteradvocatedtheidenti cationandstrategicexploitationoflinkageswithina rm’svaluechain(i.e.,horizontallinkages)andbetweenthe rm’svaluechainandthevaluechainsof1

itssuppliersandcustomers(i.e.,verticallinkages).Speci cally,wedevelopaconceptualmodelthatconsiderstheimpactofIT-basedSCMsystemsondiscretecomponentsofthevaluechainandpredictchangesinspeci c nancialperformancemeasuresassociatedwiththesecomponents.IT-basedSCMsystemsareofparticularinterestduetotheheightenedcross-organiz …… 此处隐藏：56400字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……