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六级汉译英讲义

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导读: 六级汉译英讲义 六级汉译英讲义 一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序 (一)汉译英应试原则 手法灵活(如遇难译之处,换用其它相近说法表达) 语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误) 内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来,不得有任何歪曲、遗

六级汉译英讲义

六级汉译英讲义

一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序

(一)汉译英应试原则

手法灵活(如遇难译之处,换用其它相近说法表达)

语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)

内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来,不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删) 语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯,且用词准确、多样)

(二)汉译英基本程序

1.理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义

2.翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词

3.审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容,是否有错译和漏译;其次,检查是否

有语言上的明显错误,如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发

现错误,及时改正。

二、汉译英专项练习

一、倍数增减的表示法

1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).

2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).

3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).

4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).

5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).

一、倍数增减的表示法

1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2

(考点:倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than)

2) reacts three times as fast as the other one

(考点:倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as)

3) is 49 times the size of the moon

(考点:倍数 + 名词)

4) wants to raise the rent by a third

(考点:动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数)

5) plan to double their investment

(考点:double + 名词)

二、时态

1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).

2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).

3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度

假).

六级汉译英讲义

4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).

5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不,我已经有五年没有度假了).

6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).

二、时态

1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church

(考点:将来完成时)

2) the children had fallen asleep

(考点:过去完成时)

3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside

(考点:将来进行时)

4) have been revising my resume all the morning

(考点:现在完成进行时)

5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday

(考点:It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了)

6) He has been in the army for 5 years

(考点:1. 现在完成时;2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间)

三、被动语态

1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).

2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).

3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).

4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预

料).

5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

三、被动语态

1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector

(考点:被动语态的现在进行时)

will have been published by the end of this year

(考点:被动语态的将来完成时)

2) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work

(考点:1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态)

3) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated

(考点:同“3”的考点2)

4) Effective measures must be taken immediately

(考点:汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)

四、情态动词

1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).

2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).

3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).

4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).

5) _______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the

六级汉译英讲义

guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

四、情态动词

1) but there is no answer. She can’t be at home

(考点:情态动词可以表示可能性,can’t 表示“一定不”)

2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday

(考点:“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断)

3) You must have dreamed of something terrible

(考点:同上)

4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony

(考点:“情态动词should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作,含有批评的意思)

5) I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party

(考点:“情态动词needn’t + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论,认为“无须发生”,“不必做”)

五、虚拟语气

1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).

2) If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed

himself.

3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?

—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的,而且不带任何装饰).

4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).

5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).

6) We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).

五、虚拟语气

1) I had had your opportunities when I was young

(考点:I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望)

2) he had known this disease is curable

(考点:If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”,用法与 I wish…基本相同)

3) painted it blue, and without any decorations

(考点:would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实)

4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams

(考点:It’s (about/high) time 后的that从句中用过去式,表示“该是……的时候了”)

5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly

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