2019年福建师范大学外国语学院826英语综合之语言学教程考研仿真

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第 1 页，共 49 页

目录

2019年福建师范大学外国语学院826英语综合之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（一） (2)

2019年福建师范大学外国语学院826英语综合之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（二） (10)

2019年福建师范大学外国语学院826英语综合之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（三） (20)

2019年福建师范大学外国语学院826英语综合之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（四） (27)

2019年福建师范大学外国语学院826英语综合之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（五） (37)

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第 2 页，共 49 页 2019年福建师范大学外国语学院826英语综合之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题

（一）

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一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms

1． distinctive features

【答案】

a means of working out a set of phonological contrasts or oppositions to capture particular aspects of language sounds , first suggested by Roman Jacobson in the 1940s and then developed by numerous other people.

2． Conversational implicature

【答案】 Conversational implicature refers to a type of implied meaning , which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context , under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. For example , the implicature of He is a tiger could probably be he has some characteristics of a tiger.

3． Cross-cultural communication

【答案】 Cross-cultural communication is an exchange of ideas , information , etc , between persons from different cultural backgrounds. The cultural conventions of the participants may widely different , and misinterpretation and misunderstanding can easily arise , even leading to a total communication breakdown.

4． Open-class words

【答案】 Open-class words refer to words whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited and with the emergence of new ideas , inventions , and so on ; new expressions are continually and constantly being added to the lexicon. For example , nouns , verbs , and adjectives all belong to this class.

5． Language Acquisition Device （LAD ）

【答案】 Language Acquisition Device : LAD refers to an innate faculty of language in general with which children are bom. It is posited by Chomsky , who argues that LAD probably consists of three elements : a hypothesis-maker , linguistic universal , and an evaluation procedure.

6． stream of consciousness writing

【答案】 The term was originally coined by the philosopher William James in his Principle of Psychology （1890） to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind. It was later applied to the writing of William Faulkner , James Joyce , Virginia Woolf and others experimenting early in the 20th century with the novelistic portrayal of the free flow of thought. Note , however , that the majority of thought presentation in novels is not stream of consciousness writing. The examples we have

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第 3 页，共 49 页 discussed above are not stream of consciousness writing because they are too orderly to constitute the free association of ideas. Perhaps the most famous piece of stream of consciousness writing is that associated with Leopold Bloom in Joyce?s Ulysses. Here he is in a restaurant thinking about oysters.

“Filthy shells. Devil to open them too. Who found them out? Garbage , sewage they feed on. Fizz and Red bank oysters. Effect on the sexual. Aphrodis. （sic ） He was in the Red bank this morning. Was he oyster old fish at table. Perhaps he young flesh in bed. No. June has no ar （sic ） no oysters. But there are people like tainted game. Jugged hare. First catch your hare. Chinese eating eggs fifty years old , blue and green again. Dinner of thirty courses. Each dish harmless might mix inside. Idea for a poison mystery.66 This cognitive meandering is all in the most free version of direct thought. It is also characterised by a highly elliptical sentence structure , with as many grammatical words as possible being removed consistently allowing the reader to be able to infer what is going on. The language is not very cohesive ，and breaks the Gricean maxims of Quantity and Manner. But we must assume that apparently unreasonable writing behaviour is related to a relevant authorial purpose. It is the assumption that Joyce is really cooperating with us at a deeper level , even though he is apparently making our reading difficult , that leads us to conclude that he is trying to evoke a mind working associatively.

7． Distinctive features of speech sounds

【答案】 The distinctive feature is a property which distinguishes one phoneme from another. For example , “voicing” is a distinctive feature , since it plays an important role in distinguishing obstruents in English.

8． constituent

【答案】 Constituent is a term used in structural sentence analysis for every linguistic unit , which is a part of a larger linguistic unit. Several constituents together form a construction : for example , in the sentence The boy ate the apple , S （A ） , the boy （B ） , ate the apple （C ）

, each part is a constituent. Constituents can be joined together with other constituents to form larger units. If two constituents , in the case of the example above , B （the boy ） and C （ ate the apple ） , are joined to form a hierarchically higher constituent A （“S”，here a sentence ） , then B and C are said to be immediate constituents of A.

9． Phatic function （ communion ）

【答案】 Phatic function : The phatic function of language refers to the use of the language which often consists of s …… 此处隐藏：5552字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……