新东方考博听力讲义(5)

（四）传记与故事

范围：人物的传记与故事或轶事。

特点：

1. 多为叙述文。具有时间、地点、人物、情节四大要素，有鲜明的情节的发展与高潮或是主要经历和事迹。一般情节不太复杂。

2. 在结构上，按时间、情节的顺序排列。

3. 在语言表现上，词汇量大，复合句较多，有时语言含蓄。

4. 在信息传达上，冗余信息较多，预测更为重要。

5. 在提问的问题上，年代、地点、职业等为提问的内容，一般用When，where，who，what，why，how来提问。

Alexander Bell

The famous inventor Alexander Bell was born in l847 in Edinburgh，Scotland. He attended the Edinburgh High School and went on to university：first in Edinburgh and then in London. In l870 he emigrated to Canada. Three years later，the moved to Boston，where he started a school of vocal physiology for teachers of the deaf. Teaching the deaf to communicate was a problem he had always been interested in. In the same year，he became professor of vocal physiology at Boston University.

From his early experience with the study of sound，he became interested in the telegraph，a device which sends sounds by an electric current. During one experiment with his assistant，Watson，he was adjusting the tone of the telegraph's steel spring when he heard other sounds coming through the spring. This discovery showed him that the current could transmit the vibration of a person's voice. In 1876 he invented the telephone.

On April 3，1877，he completed the first telephone conversation between Boston and New York, a distance of more than two hundred miles.

Now people almost everywhere in the world can speak to each other by telephone. A special telephone can also transmit a picture of the speaker as well as the voice. This device lets deaf persons use the telephone. By lip reading，or watching the movements of the speaker's lips，a deaf person can actually see what the person at the other end of the line is saying.

Main points:

① Alexander Bell was a famous inventor.

② His main experience before he invented the telephone.

@ His achievement：in l876，he invented the telephone.

The Barbed wire Fence

Gillinger had a lot of trouble with his garden. Cattle broke through his fences and trampled it；children climbed over the fences and stole fruit off his trees. So he set out to build a fence neither of them could ignore. He took two strands of smooth wire and twisted them together. Every few inches he inserted between them dangerous boards made out of sharp pieces of iron and small bits of broken glass.

Gillinger s barbed wire fence quickly earned a wide-spread reputation in Texas，and eventually all across the West. Before the turn of the century，over four hundred different designs

新东方梅雪老师主讲的听力讲义

for barbed wire were developed and marketed，But Gillinger's basic ideas have yet to be improved on·

Main points:

① Gillinger had a lot of trouble with his garden.

② So he built a barbed wire fence.

③ This kind of fence was developed and marketed.

十、如何听独白

听前：迅速浏览，科学预测。在听之前，抓紧本应该听Directions的时间，迅速浏览书面选择项，预测独白内容，尽可能地想像出所要提出的问题形式，以便缩小记忆范围，有的放矢。还可以根据引导句，预测独白内容。如：Questions ll-13 are based on the following lecture.这种引导句可帮考生预测出以下是谈话、讲课、故事还是报道，从而推测出文章的体裁。最后一点是要迅速做好听音的一切准备。

听时：抓主题句，听记要点。首先听时应该做到全神贯注，争取听到所问问题的答案。其次要听清主题句，80％以上的主题句出现在句首，重点听清第一句尤为重要，第一句往往涉及文章的重要内容。听清了主题句，易于领会作者的观点和态度，诸如肯定、否定、怀疑、询问、幽默、讽刺等等。然后，边听边做笔记，特别是要条理分明地记下关键词、数据、人名、地点等具体细节，以避免当时听明白，录音一停却回忆不出具体的内容，尤其是听那些无明显主题句的文章。记笔记时，可采用符号、字母、汉字等自已所熟悉的或自己能够认得的形式，除此之外，还应注意不要只记不听，考生应始终把注意力放在听录音上。最后，听音过程中值得注意的两点是：一是要镇定，避免慌乱。二是由于独白的篇幅较大，非关键处听不出来不影响做题，不要因个别词、句没听懂而使注意力滞留。否则连后面可以听懂的内容都听不出来，听录音要我们在某些小词听不出来的时候借助于语感和词的搭配关系猜出来。

听后：听懂问题，尽快选择。听完独自后，还应注意听懂问题。听懂问题与听懂独白同样重要，故在问题播放之前先不要急于在答案上做出选择，只可以在试题之上先做一个记号。在回答主观性问题时，除了要听懂原文外，还要借助于知识而进行分析判断。随后在对答案进行选择时务必要迅速，要留出浏览一下题的书面选择项的时间，也就是说要平均分配这l5秒钟。

不管独白的内容如何多变，但其问及的问题是有规律的，基本上可以概括为以下几个方面：

第一，涉及文章的主题，提问形式有：

1. What is the main idea／topic of the passage?

2. What does the passage tell us essentially?

3. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

4. Which statement best expresses the main idea?

5. What topic does the passage mainly discuss?

6. What is the passage／the talk mainly about?

7. What is the subject they are talking about?

第二，涉及文章的主要事实和理由，提问形式有：

1. According to the passage，when（where，who，what，why，or how）did…?

2. What was the cause of the accident?

3. Which of the following is true／not true?

新东方梅雪老师主讲的听力讲义

4.Which of the following is discussed／not discussed in the passage?

5. Which of the following adjectives best describes…?

6. According to the writer，what is the solution to the problem discussed in the passage?

7. Which of the following is／not mentioned as…?

第三，根据独白内容做出推论，提问题形式有：

1. What can be inferred from the passage?

2. What can we infer／learn from the passage?

3. What is the purpose of the passage?

4. What will probably happen next?

5. What …… 此处隐藏：4663字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……