高考英语动词时态语态复习

高中时态语态专题

（一）动词的时态

时态动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。

考点一、一般现在时：一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。

1、常用的时间状语有：always(总是；一直), often(经常), sometimes(有时), seldom(很少), hardly ever(几乎不), never(从不), every day(每天), every week(每星期), every month(每月), every year(每年)等。

2．第三人称单数的构成方式

当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，其变化规则同名词变复数。

(1)直接在词尾加-s。swim→swims, travel→travels，play→plays, leave→leaves

(2)以字母s，x，ch，sh, o结尾的，在词尾加-es。

pass→passes, fix→fixes, teach→teaches，wash→washes, go→goes, do→does

(3)以―辅音字母＋y‖结尾的，变y为i加-es。study→studies, fly→flies, cry→cries

例、Diana, together with her friends, __________ Chinese in China.

A．study B．have studied C．studies D．are studying

3．一般现在时的用法小结

(1)表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表频度的时间状语连用。

My mother often does housework. My father goes to work every day.

(2)描述现在的状态、能力、性格等。

She is very tired now. He speaks Russian very well.

(3)描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。

The light travels faster than the sound. The sun rises in the east.

注意、（1）在宾语从句中，即使主句是一般过去时，但从句表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实时，从句依然用一般现在时。

The teacher told us that the earth is round yesterday.

(2)在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。即“主将从现”。

I want to be a policeman when I grow up in the future.

I'll ring you up if he comes back tomorrow.

(3)在以here, there开头的句子中常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。

1

Here comes the bus! 汽车来了！There goes the bell! 铃响了！

(4)一般现在时常出现在格言或警句中。

All roads lead to Rome. One is never too old to learn.

考点二、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。

1、常用的时间状语有：yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), last week(上星期), last month(上个月), last year(去年), three years ago(三年前), in 2001(在2001年), the other day(前几天)，just now(刚才),等。

2．动词过去式的构成方式

在一般过去时中，谓语动词要用过去式，过去式的变化分为规则和不规则两种。下面单讲一下

规则变化：

(1)直接在词尾加-ed。plant→planted, work→worked, look→looked

(2)以e结尾的，加-d。live→lived, change→changed

(3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾的，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。plan→planned, stop→stopped

(4)以―辅音字母＋y‖结尾的，变y为i加-ed。study→studied, try→tried

3．一般过去时的用法小结

(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

She visited the Great Wall yesterday. They went to England for a holiday last summer.

(2)用于虚拟语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。

If I were you, I would take a small present. If I won a million dollars, I'd give it to charities.

注意 在虚拟条件句―If I were you...‖中，were不能改为was。

例、—I've got a ticket for the basketball game tonight.

—Cool! How ________you ________it?

A．had; got B．did; get C．were; getting D．will; get

考点三、一般将来时：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

1、句式结构(肯定句)有以下几种：

Will/shall do 单纯表将来，强调未经事先考虑将要做某事。

is/am/are going to do 表示按计划、安排好要做的事情。其次可以表示有迹象表明要做某事。

例如It is going to rain.(有迹象表明要下雨)

is/am/are doing 进行时态表将来，

is/am/are to do 表计划安排要做某事，此外还可以表示职责、义务和可能性。

is/am/are about to do 表示正要做某事，所在的句子不会再出现时间状语。

例：I was about to leave when (suddenly) the telephone rang.

2、常用的时间状语有：tomorrow(明天), the day after tomorrow(后天), tomorrow morning(明天上午), next week(下周), next month(下个月), next year(明年), in two hours(两个小时以后), in three days(三天后)等。

注意 若表示经过一定的计划安排之后打算做某事，要用be going to，而不能用will。

My brother is going to learn English next year.

注意、当主语是第一人称I或we时，可以用shall。不过在现代英语中，will适用于任何人称。

3、一些表示位置移动的动词，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move, sail, travel等，常用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。

I am coming to see you. He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.

例、—I __________ the Great Wall next week.

—Have a good trip!

A．visit B．visited C．am visiting D．have visited

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考点四、过去将来时：表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

(1)相对于一般将来时而言，句式结构有以下几种：

①would/should＋动词原形

②was/were going to＋动词原形

③was/were doing(进行时表将来)

例、It was May 30th Mike had just left his home. He was going to start to fish in the river with his friend, so he decided to call his friend first.

(2)用于主句为一般过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事情或曾经打算要做的事情。

He asked when the meeting would end. 他问会议何时会结束。

I thought it was going to rain. 我(当时)认为要下雨。

(3)表示位置移动的动词，如come, go, leave, arrive等，可用过去进行时表示在过去某时看来将要发生的动作。

She said she was leaving for Beijing that week. 她说那周她要去北京。

例、He wanted to know when __________ the English party.

A．will we have B．we will have C．would we have D．we would have 考点五、现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在发生或进行的动作。

句式结构：主语＋am(is, are)＋现在分词

1、常见标志词：now, at the moment(此刻)或含有情景词look, listen等。

She is doing some washing now. 。We are having a meeting at the moment.

Look! She is swimming in the river. Listen! He is singing.

2．现在分词的构成方式