中小学校园安全问题研究

摘 要

中小学校是青少年最主要栖身之所之一，人员高度密集。事关师生安危、家庭美满及社会和谐的校园安全问题，每每引起社会的高度关注。从区域层面来讲，校园安全包括校内安全和学校周边的安全；从安全类型上说，它包括社会环境安全、自然环境安全和校园环境安全。校园安全是青少年健康成长的基本保障。但是，由于青少年的身心正处于生长发育期，心理对外界认知能力有限，敏感脆弱，容易受到刺激；而身体还未发育成熟，极易受到外来力量的侵害；再加上社会急剧转型，经济高速发展，自然环境恶化，许多新的外来因素影响到学校生活的方方面面。诸多因素交织、叠加、共振，造成校园安全伤害事故的频频发生。接连不断的安全事故，给家庭带来了极大的伤痛，对学校的正常教学和管理秩序等造成了重大影响和冲击，也给国家和社会埋下了诸多不安全隐患。追寻这些事故发生的原因，表面上看似乎偶然的背后却潜伏着必然。

研究学校安全问题，洞察学校安全问题背后的规律，着眼现实实践和制度构建，为青少年创造一个平安和谐的成长氛围，日显必要。这一实践性很强的宏大论题，是绕不过实证研究的。故须从案例描述与分析着手，由校园安全问题的表现形式、特征与原因切入，条分缕析，剥离安全事故表面芜杂表象，探寻其身后的规律与实质所在。立基于此，本文旨在探索如何为青少年营造一个积极长效的安全环境，并着重从思想认识层面、制度与法律层面为校园安全建设提供智力支持。其中，校园安全立法、安全隐患排查、应急预案等制度的检讨与完善，当属避免和减少校园安全事故发生、建构校园安全网的主路径。此中些许论证，期望能在建设平安校园方面有所裨益。

除摘要和结语外，本文共分四部分。第一部分绪论，介绍选题的缘由及背景；选题的意义；本课题的研究现状；研究思路和研究方法等。第二部分对通过两个案例（一个是学校集体活动突发事故案例，一个是教学活动中出现的安全事故。）进行实证分析，试图揭示出中小学校园安全问题的现象、特征及其成因。第三部分探讨中小学校园安全防控的法律法规机制及实施策略。第四部分通过对中小学校园安全防控的隐患排除机制和中小学校园安全防控的预案机制的研究，对中小学校园安全实现路径进行了可行性探索。

I

关键词：中小学校园安全；安全隐患 ；防控机制 ；防控路径

II

ABSTRACT

The schools are places which are high concentration of young people. It is also one of the most important places of learning and growth for them. The safety of schools is about the teachers and students’ safety, happiness of the family and social harmony. From the regional level, the safety of schools includes school safety and school perimeter security. As to the type of security, there are safety of social environment, environmental safety and environment of campus safety. The most basic of campus security or the teachers and students is from the threat of external forces and damage. However, due to the physical and mental of the minors in the growth and development, their psychological cognitive abilities to the outside world is very limited, sensitive and fragile; the body is not yet mature, extremely vulnerable to external forces; coupled with social transformation, economic development, deteriorating natural environment, many external factors affect all aspects of school life and many other factors causing injury accidents occur frequently in campus. These security incidents continue to occur to the families, school teaching and management which cause great pain and a lot of unrest to the country and society. These incidents from the surface are incidental, however, carefully, it is behind the inevitability in works ,such as school safety education is not complete, going through the motions; outdated school facilities, or building jerry-built; education funding is not in place; law is not perfect and a series of questions which lead to the occurrence of security incidents. Young people are the hope and future of the motherland and society. For young people, creating a good learning environment for growth is the great responsibility .

III

The subject of school safety is as the research object, by analyzing the basic meanings of security, campus security, the case description and analysis, analysis of the manifestations, characteristics and causes of campus security issues and legislation, security, troubleshooting, and emergency plans and other aspects of research and analysis, we find ways to reduce and avoid the path of campus security incidents, and hope to be useful in the construction of safe campus.

In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first part is the introduction to the topics of reason, background, the significance of the topics; analysis on the subject at home and abroad; the definition of the core concepts, ideas and research methods. The second part describes two cases, a school group activities, and unexpected accident case, a security incidents in the teaching activities. The third part is about the prevention and control of primary and secondary schools, exploring the hidden security prevention and control of primary and secondary schools. The fourth part is about the mechanism of primary and secondary prevention and control of campus safety plan.

Key words: School safety; Safety; Control mechanism; Prevention strategy

IV

目 录

摘 要...........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................III

一、 绪 论................................................................................................................................1

（一） 中小学校园安全问题研究导因..............................................................................2

（二） 中小学校园安全的研究现状..................................................................................3

1. 有关校园安全管理....................................................................................................3

2. 有关建构校园安全文化氛围....................................................................................4

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