1998年考研英语阅读真题精解及高频词汇(3)

58. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?

[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.

[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.

[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.

[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.

核心词汇

1. no gain without pain=no pains, no gains 不劳无获；pain without gain 有劳却无获； no sweat, no sweet 先苦后甜

2. what about 怎么样？

3. tale 故事，神话

4. corporate 公司的

5. revival 复苏

6. harder 更难的

7. assume 认为；假定；承担；担任

8. preside over 主持；领导

9. for real 真实的；for sure 确定的

10. statistics 统计数字或数据；

11. mildly 适度地=modestly=moderately

12. discouraging=depressing令人沮丧的

13. show=indicate=exhibit表明

14. lump 收集起来；堆起来

15. on average 平均

16. more than 多于；不只是

17. acceleration 加速；加快；快速增长；deceleration 减速

18. be due to 是因为

19. rebound 反弹

20. business cycle 商业周期；recycle 回收；recyclable 可以回收的

21. conclusive 结论性的

22. underlying 内在的，根本的

23. disjunction 脱节，无联系

24. anecdote 奇闻异事，含否定意思，意为不现实的东西

25. point to=point out 指出

26. leap 跳跃，上升

27. reflect 反映

28. the mass of 大量的

29. between…and 在….与…之间

30. picture 图，图像，意为真实的东西

31. re-engineering 结构重组；相当于后面的reengineering

32. downsize 缩小规模

33. contribution 贡献，促成…的因素

34. overall 整个的

35. drive 驱动；driving force 驱动力

36. factor 因素

37. such as 例如

38. joint investment 联合投资；joint efforts 共同努力

39. are intended to 目的在于，旨在

40. switch to 转向；

41. matter 起作用

42. as much 同样多；as well 也

43. speculative 推测的

44. restructure 结构重组

45. ineptly 不合适地；

46. academic 学术的；学者

47. chain 链条，连锁

48. in many cases 在许多情况下；in no case 绝不；In any case 无论如何

49. mechanistic 机械的，含贬义

50. in a …fashion 以….方式

51. chop out 减少，降低

52. give thought to 考虑到

53. long-term 长期的；short-term 短期的

54. profitability 获利性

55. dismiss…as…对…不屑一顾，当做是

56. consultant 顾问

57. ambulance chasing 应急补救措施

58. revenue 收入

难句精解

①What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

▲这个句子首先是由what引导的主语从句what is harder to establish，后面是由whether引导的表语从句。在表语从句中，主语是the productivity revolution，核心句是Whether the productivity revolution is for real，其中主语productivity revolution后面跟了一个that引导的定语从句，这个从句中的businessmen assume是个相当于I think 这样的插入结构，不影响句子的结构，可以去掉，其后they are presiding over 做定语，修饰前面的名词revolution。

②The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. ▲这个句子有一个很长的表语从句，由that引导。从句中有两个分句，中间用and so连接。第一个分句中又有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰的是rebound，第二个分句的主语与第一个分句的主语一样，都是part of the recent acceleration。这样我们可以得到这个句子的主干部分：The trouble is that part of acceleration is due to rebound, and so is not conclusive evidence.

△理解这个句子的关键在于要清楚表语从句中第一个分句所套的修饰rebound的定语从句，再者就是第二个分句的主语与第一个分句的主语一致，并注意conclusive的意思。

③There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. ▲理解这个句子先要找出它的核心句：There is a "disjunction" between the mass and the picture，中间的人名及其职位可以当作插入语。between后面的名词带有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰的是business anecdote，that在这个从句中充当的是主语；and后面的名词the picture后面跟的是过去分词reflected，表示的是一种被动关系。

△找出between和and的宾语（分别是the mass of business anecdote和the picture reflected by the statistics），这个句子就容易理解了。

④New ways of organizing the workplace — all that re-engineering and downsizing — are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.

▲这个句子看似庞大，分析之下就简单了。先找出核心句：New ways are one contribution，再来看其它部分：new ways后面of organizing the workplace限定了new ways的内容；破折号之间的部分是进一步说明new ways of organizing the workplace的一些具体内容；contribution后面的to接的是名词宾语，这之后有一个which引导的定语从句，修饰的是前面的名词an economy。在这个定语从句中by后面的宾语是factors，后面的such as跟随的三个名词短语就是列举的内容。

⑤His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.

▲这个句子的主要部分在于谓语says后面的宾语从句，从句中的重要成分是在状语短语部分，即in a mechanistic fashion，因为后面跟的一个现在分词短语chopping out costs是进一步说明fashion的内容，without后面的动名词短语是补充成分，表示的是一种伴随状态。 △关键在于chopping out costs这个现在分词短语的理解，要明白这是in a mechanistic fashion的进一步说明。

试题解析

55. [A] 意为：并不像表面看上去那样好。

第一段第三、四句指出，美国到处都在谈论所谓公司的振兴(tales of corporate revival)，但是，商界自认为正在进行的所谓生产率革命究 …… 此处隐藏：4125字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……