跨文化交际复习题及答案(4)

4. What different worldview can be drive from Buddhism（佛教）and Christianity（基督教）?

Buddhists do not believe in a god or gods who created the world. However, they do believe that there is a supreme and wonderful truth that words cannot teach, and ritual cannot attain.

Buddhists are not favorably disposed to the notion of free enterprise and the pursuit of material well-being. Seen from a western worldview, having no desires adversely affects motives for personal enrichment and growth generally. Thus, little support is accorded to free enterprise.

Christianity recognizes the importance of work and free ownership of property. Protestant, in particular, sees the salvation of the individual through hard work and piety.

5. What is the American cultural value like in terms of value orientation?（美国文化价值取向）As far as the human

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nature is concerned, the American culture holds that it is evil but perfectible through hard work.

As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can conquer the nature.

They also have a linear time concept and therefore they are future-oriented.

They focus on doing and think that only actions can solve the problem.They are quite individualistic and therefore they focus less on the benefits of the group.

4.Discuss the contents of …

1)Chronemics:The study of how people perceive and use time.时间学(1)MonochronicTime:paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.(2)PolychronicTime:being involved with many things at once.

2)Proxemics:the perception and use of space.空间学

3)Kinetics:the study of body language.身势学

4)Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.

6.Discover the meaning of some common gestures in English

①good luck②feelsurprised③I don't know④Pardon! Can't hear⑤That's enough, P lease over⑥thamb-dowm⑦Sth strange/odd⑧Comehere⑨in the U.S., meaning "OK"⑩in Italy, meaning "Hero". in U.S., "goodbye"⑾Oh, I forgot⑿Slow down/Relax/Wait a second.

8..What has influenced the gender socialization?（什么会影响性别社会化）

There are two primary influences on gender socialization:familycommunication,particularly between mothers and children,and recreational interaction among children.

9. Discuss the concepts of high context culture and low contexgt culture.（讨论高、低语境）

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Eastern culture favors verbal hesitance and ambiguity in order to avoid disturbing or offending others,thevurden of smooth communication effective is shared equally between all parties involved.

The Western communicative mode is primarily(直接）direct,explicit（明确）,and verbal,relying heavily on logical and rational perception(感知）,thinking，andarticulation.So the task of communicating effectively lies primarily on the speaker.

10.How is gender different from sex?

Sex:biological, permanent, with an individual property

Gender:socially-constructed, varied over time and across cultures, with a social and relational quality

11.Six principles for Effective Cross-gender Comunication(六条有效的跨性别交际原则)

1)Suspend judgement 2)Recognize the validity of different communication styles 3)Provide translation cues 4)Seek translation cues 5)Enlarge your own communication style 6)Suspend judgement

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