跨文化交际复习题及答案(3)

13.Encoding编码Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.

1. Message编码信息The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object.

2. Channel交际渠道The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.

3. Noise干扰The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.

4. Receiver交际接受The receiver is the person who attends to the message.

1. Decoding解码Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process. The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.

2. Receiver response接受反应The receiver is the person who attends to the message. Receiver response refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.

3. Feedback反馈Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge

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and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.

1. Context场景The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication.

16. Connotation（内涵）：the suggestive meaning of a word --- all the values, judgment, and beliefs implied by a word the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.

17. Taboo禁忌语：refers to some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.

18. Euphemism委婉语：Means the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.

Strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁More haste, less speed. 欲速不达

To pass fish eyes for pearls 鱼目混珠

as stubborn as a mule 犟得像头牛

dumb bell 笨蛋to fish in the air 水底捞月

to drink like a fish 牛饮as dry as sawdust 味同嚼蜡

to be at the end of one’s rope 山穷水尽

landscape engineer 园林工人tonsorial artist 理发师

sanitation engineer 清洁工shoe rebuilder 补鞋匠

soft in the head 发疯的reckless disregard for truth 撒谎

to take things without permission 偷窃

industrial climate 劳资关系紧张

justice has long arms 天网恢恢，疏而不漏fat office 肥缺

diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手golden saying 金玉良言

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You will cross the bridge when you get to it船到桥头自然直

better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion 宁为鸡头，勿为牛后

tread upon eggs 如履薄冰

简答题

9 components of communication（交际的十大要素）

①source(来源）：the person who desires to

②encoding(编码）：the process of putting on idea into a symbol

③message(信息）：identifies the encoding thought

④channel(渠道）：the means of transmission(传播途径）

⑤noise(干扰）：anything distorts the messages

⑥receiver(接受者）：the person who attends to the message

⑦decoding(解码）：assigning meaning to the symbols received

⑧receiver response(接受者反应）：anything the receiver does

⑨feedback(反馈）：the portion which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning

⑩context(场景）：help define(使明确）the communication

1.Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent.

①convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统）②innovative communication systems(革新通信技术）

③economic globailzation(经济全球化）④widespread migrations(广泛的移民)

2.What are the three ingredients(组成) of culture?

①artifacts(the material and spiritual products people produce)

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②behavior(what they do)③concepts(共有观点）(what they think)

3.How to understand cultural iceberg?

just as an iceberg, culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can only be suspected an imagined. Also like an iceberg, nine-tenth of culture is below the surface

4.What are the characteristic(特点）of culture?

①shared ②learned(enculuration 文化习得：learning one's culture)

③dynamic(动态的）（accultration文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)④ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is superior)

5.What are the characteristic of communication?

①dynamic(动态性）；②irreversible(不可逆转的）③symbolic(符号的）④systematic(系统性）⑤transa ctional（互动性）⑥contextual(语境)

1.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?

①In Chinese the surname comes first and is followed by the given name；

in English this order is reversed.

②In China seniority(资历）is paid respects to.

Nowadays, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time.

(About addressing by relationship）Chinese often exten kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage. Americans tend to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship.

Chinese use a person's title、office、or profession to indicate(表明）the person's influential(有权势的）status .In English, only a few occupations or titles could be used，such as doctor, governor, mayor, professor, nurse and

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captain.(p24)

1. What are the different features of M-Time and P-time?

M-Time think time is perceived as a linear strucure.认为时间是线性的

P-Time is less rigid(刻板）an …… 此处隐藏：5413字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……