汽车专业英语_Unit 1_automotive_basics

汽车专业英语 Specialty English for Automobile陈长梅

Unit 1 Automotive BasicsWhat’s the main parts of an automobile?Body Electrical system

Engine

Braking制动

Power train动力系统 Suspension 悬挂Steering 转向

Chassis

Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。

现在的车辆一般都由 15000多个分散、独 立且相互配合的零部 件组成。这些零部件 主要分为四类：车身 、发动机、底盘和电 气设备。

1.1 BodyAn automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood and a trunk deck built into it. It provide a protective covering for the engine, passengers and cargo.Hood:发动机罩 bonnet 软帽 Trunk deck:行李箱盖 Trunk / boot:行李箱 靴子 Luggage:行李 baggage Cargo:货物 goods

汽车车身由金属薄板外壳和窗户、车门、发动机罩、 行李箱盖等组成。汽车车身为发动机、乘员和货物提 供了保护。

The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling Airbag provides an attractive, colorful, moderns appearance for the vehicle.汽车车身的设计还应该保证乘员的安全舒适。车身的 造型(款式)使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、 Three points seatbelt in a car 时尚前卫。

Five points harness in a racing car 铠甲 甲胄

1885 Benz

1953 Morris Minor Series 21927 Ford model T

Mini cooper

1934 Citroën Traction Avant

A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment. The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods. A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof. There are soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles.轿车车身为封闭式，乘员通过车门进出，轿车最多有4个车 门。另外车身的设计还应考虑行李和货物的存放。传统的 轿车都是硬顶车身。活顶乘用车(敞篷车)的车顶是软顶， 车身设计与普通轿车类似，但只有两个车门。 行李箱 Trunk/boot 行李 ==? Luggage/baggage 发动机//发动机罩 Engine // hook / bonnet

The utility or pick-up carries goods. Usually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross vehicle mass. utility / pick-up: 皮卡 Gross vehicle mass: 车辆总质量 Curb weight 汽车整备重量 皮卡一般用来运载货物。为能承载更大的总质量， 皮卡的底盘和悬架比轿车更结实。

Light vehicle vans can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum cargo space is available. 轻型货车一般是 基于普通轿车设 计的，或是重新 设计使可用载货 空间最大化。A van is a kind of vehicle used for transporting

goods or groups of people. It is usually a box-shaped vehicle on four wheels, about the same width and length as a large automobile, but taller and usually higher off the ground, also referred to as a light commercial vehicle or LCV. However, in North America, the term may be used to refer to any truck with a rigid cargo body fixed to the cab, even up to large sizes.

The body of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose. Tankers transport fluids, tippers carry earth or bulk grains, flatbeds and vans are used for general goods transport. 用于运输货物的商用车车身必须满足具体要求，例 如运输液体的油罐车、运输泥土或散装谷物的自卸 车、运输一般货物的平板车或货车。 no sides or roof

Buses and coaches are usually 4-wheel rigid vehicles, but a large number of wheels and axles can be used. Sometimes articulated buses are used to increase capacity. Buses and coaches can be single-deck or doubledeck. Buses are commonly used in cities as commuter transports while coaches are more luxurious used for long distances. 客车和长途汽车一般有4个车轮，车架为整体式， 也能配备更多的车轮和车桥。为了增加客车的载客 量往往使用由铰链连接的客车。公共汽车和长途汽 车有单层和双层两种。公共汽车一般用城市内公共 交通，而长途汽车一般用于长距离的旅行。

single-deck bus单层巴士 Coach长途客车

double-decker双层公交车 Articulated bus通 道式公交车

1.2 Engine

The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train.

发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原 理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。 发动机 // 内燃机 // 汽油 (点燃式)//柴油(压燃式) 发动机可分为两类：汽油机(点燃式)和柴油机 //热力发动机//动力传动系 (压燃式),都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热 量使缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴旋转，并传 递给动力传动系。

The way engine cylinders are arranged is called engine configuration. In-line engines have the cylinders in a line. The design creates a simply cast engine block. In vehicles applications, the number of cylinders is normally from 2 up to 6. Usually, the cylinders are vertical. As the number of the cylinders increase, the length of the block and crankshaft can become a problem. One way to avoid this is with a V configuration. The design makes the engines block and cr

ankshaft shorter and more rigid. 发动机的布臵即发动机气缸的排列方式。 发动机缸体按直线排 列的即直列式，这种布臵使得发动机缸体结构简单。汽车发动机 一般为2~6缸，通常气缸是垂直放臵的，但气缸数量的增加会导 致缸体和曲轴的长度过大，解决问题的措施之一就是采用V型布 臵，这种布臵方式可以使发动机缸体和曲轴长度尺寸更短，从而 大大增加刚度。

The four basic cylinder arrangements of a diesel or gas-burning engine are: cylinder-in-line; V-arrangement and Flat.

An engine located at the front can be mounted longitudinally and can drive either the front or the rear wheels. Rear engine vehicles have the engine mounted behind the …… 此处隐藏：3939字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……