外文翻译 食品工业污水处理(3)

It was detected that oil production-related wastewaters contain the following phospholipids (Figure 1):

这是市面上检测到的油制造行业污水所包含的磷脂(图1)：

外文翻译 食品工业污水处理 FOOD INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT 食用油生产污水 磷脂 薄层色谱法 污水净化 污水处理

Figure 1. Chromatogram of phospholipids in oil production Wastewaters

图1 油制造行业污水的磷脂气相色谱

1 - neutral lipids;

2 - phosphatidylethanolamine;

3 - phosphatidyl-glycerol;

4 - phosphatidyl inositol;

5 - phosphatidic acids;

6,7 - lysophosphatidylcholine;

8 - sphingomyelins

9 - phosphatidylserine;

10 - lysophosphatidylinositol; 11,12 – lysophosphatidylserine

1 - 中性脂肪。

2 - 磷脂酰乙醇胺;

3 - 磷脂酰丙三醇;

4 - 卵磷脂;

5 - 磷脂酸;

6、7 - 溶血卵磷脂;

8 - 鞘磷脂

9 - 磷脂酰丝氨酸;

外文翻译 食品工业污水处理 FOOD INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT 食用油生产污水 磷脂 薄层色谱法 污水净化 污水处理

10 - 溶血磷脂纤维醇;

11、12 - 溶血磷脂丝氨酸

On the stage of primary water treatment, reagent methods were used, which included neutralisation of oil industry’s wastewaters using calcium carbonate (chalk) which is a cheap and easily accessible material. The technology of water purification by chemical deposition presupposes its preliminary purification from colloidal-dispersed and suspended substances using coagulation with subsequent separation of the deposition as a result of filtering, settlement or flotation. As a result of chalk injection — 0.5 g into the wastewater (V = 0.5 ml), intense discharge of carbonic acid is observed whereby a thick foamy layer is formed and salts related to sulphate acid (which is used in the production process) subside into deposit. When the mix is heated, the mentioned process accelerates, which testifies to the fact that neutraliser can be injected into the wastewater received immediately after production without prior cooling of this wastewater; this also has its advantages with regard to rational usage of clean water for technological purposes. As a result of the process described above, we have reached a pH value of 5.1, having injected 1.5 g of calcium carbonate into 50 ml of wastewater.

在主要水处理阶段，使用化学试剂的方法，食用油工业污水使用廉价、方便的碳酸钙(白垩)作为材料。水净化工艺使用混凝剂将胶体和悬浮物进行初步分离，然后将分离结果进行过滤、沉淀或浮选。将0.5克碳酸钙放入污水（体积=0.5毫升）中，通入大量碳酸，观察泡沫形成的厚层和硫酸盐沉淀(生产过程中使用的)。当混合物加热，上述过程会加速，这充分说明中和物可以未经冷却立即加到污水中；这有利于清洁水的合理使用。由于上述的过程中PH值达到5.1，所以将1.5克碳酸钙加到50毫升水中。

On the examination stage of wastewater purification from organic fraction we have proposed the usage of oxidants, specifically hydrogen peroxide H2O2, oxygen O2, ozone O3, and sodium hypochlorite which is a multi-tonnage production waste. The subject experimental investigations aim to determine the quantities of oxidant expenditure which are sufficient for complete cleaning of wastewaters from organic polluters on the one hand and to prevent over-expenditure of oxidants, on the other hand. In order to achieve this aim, a series of studies was conducted, the target of which was purification of wastewaters with different amounts of oxidants injected into them. The criteria of purification effectiveness are the actual water quality indicators. 在研究有机污水净化阶段中，我们提出了使用氧化剂，特别是过氧化氢H2O2、氧气O2 、臭氧O3和大量产品废物次氯酸钠。实验研究的主要目的是确定氧化剂的数量，一方面保证氧化剂能清洁水中有机污染物，另一方面预防氧化剂过量。为了实现这一目标，我们进行了一系列的研究，将不同的氧化剂加入到污水中。实际水质指标就是净化效果。

The conducted studies have shown that among all the oxidants which were used, the most effective one is sodium hypochlorite. Therefore, the basis of the proposed method for purification of wastewaters was a preliminary separation of clarified and neutralized wastewater by dint of calcium carbonate, subsequently sodium hypochlorite for water clarification and its additional neutralization was used. This is the most simple and technologically feasible method. It has several advantages, specifically:

进行的研究表明，在所有的氧化剂的使用中最有效的一种是次氯酸钠。因此,该方法的基础上,对污水的净化就是初步用碳酸钙分离和沉淀，随后用次氯酸钠净化及其中和的过程。这是最简

外文翻译 食品工业污水处理 FOOD INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT 食用油生产污水 磷脂 薄层色谱法 污水净化 污水处理

单可行的方法。具有很多特别的优点：

— it can easily be conducted and its reactant supply is not expensive;

— the reactant (sodium hypochlorite) is available in Kalush town where it is produced as a byproduct of the production process;

— the reactant expenditure is not substantial; quantities of formed wastes are not large (only oxidised, disinfected organic polluters are produced);

— it can be used after enhancement of existing purification facilities; — wastes can be used as an effective organic and mineral fertiliser.

-它可以很容易的进行而且反应物便宜；

-反应物(次氯酸钠)是可在卡卢什小镇作为生产过程中产生的副产品；

-反应物开支不大；加工废物的数量也不大（只有氧化废物、已消毒的有机污染物产生）； -可以用来在提高现有净化设备；

-垃圾可以作为一种有效的有机、矿物肥料。

Experiments were conducted using samples of wastewater, the aim of which was its purification from organic substances with the usage of active chlorine which was injected as part of sodium hypochlorite. To the initial wastewater (V = 100 ml) possessing PH value of 2.3, sodium hypochlorite had been being added until the colouring changed from dark-brown to stramineous, necessary quantity V (NaClO) = 9.2 ml with concentration С (NaClO) = 10 % (vol.). Also, it is observed that flakes are formed as a result of the process taking place on the surface of …… 此处隐藏：5002字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……