欧洲文化入门Renaissance+and+Reforamtion

---new perception and new belief ---exploration

---emergence of modern states and the rising of bourgeoisie ---criticism of church corruption and reformation

Part one The Renaissance in Italy Part two The Renaissance in countries other than Italy Part three The Reformation

Part one The Renaissance in Italy

Ⅰ.Historical ContextⅡ. Humanism and Rationalism Ⅲ.The Arts

Ⅳ.Science and Technology

Ⅰ.Historical Context●European crisis in the late Middle Ages

●The effect of wealthy ---Christian shipping --Italian banking families: Money economy

Ⅱ. Humanism and Rationalism●Humanism ---a new attitude developed towards the human being ---Giannozzo Manetti (1396-1459) On the Dignity of Man ---value, spirit, life, happiness of human being ---free will and free choice ---believe in knowledge ●Humanists ---Francesco Petrarc (1304—1374),also Petrarch, crowned with laurel leaves, On famous Men (1337) , Africa(1338), On Religious Idleness(1345), The Solitary Life (1345-1347), Bucolic Song (1345-1347)

---Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) Decameron (1350)

---human nature , earthly pleasure, true love and wisdom

●Rationalism---a lessening of faith, Lorenzo Valla (c.1406-1457), About Enjoyment ---social life, Baldassare Castiglione (1478-1529), The Book of the Courtier (1528) ---political theory, Niccolo Machiavelli马基雅 维利 (1469-1527), The Prince,1513, -- the end justifies the means. On the Art of War (1520), Discourse on Livy (1531)

Ⅲ.The Arts

● ArchitectureThe cathedral in Florence

--combination of human with universe; compound structure ---on aesthetic not spiritual appeal (Gothic style)

---Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446): the dome of cathedral in Florence

---Leon Battista Alberti (1406-1472), emphasized proportion and balance, Greek influence, About Painting, About Building, About Sculpture

---Andrea Palladio (1508-1580), the great houses, which reflect an elegant and wealthy domestic style of living

●Painting and sculptures The Crucifixion (1287-1288) The Venus of Urbino (1538)

---The subject, the setting, anatomy, the mood, the message

--- Gitto di Bondone (1267-1337), founder of modern art﹡natural tenderness and softness of color ﹡real

---Tommaso Masaccio (1401-1428), ﹡realism and naturalism the Expulsion of Adam and Eve

---Donatello (1386-1466), one of founders of Renaissance styleEquestrian statue of Venetian general Gattemelata

David at Bargello Museum, Florence

---Sandro Bottcelli (1445-1510) The Birth of Venus Primavera (Spring)

---Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

The Vitruvian Man. Self-portrait Leonardo da circa. Vinci’s (1452 — 1512-1515 1519) famous drawing in which he looks for the proportions of the The Last Supper (1498) human body.

Mona Lisa or La Gioconda (1503– 1505/1507)— Louvre, Paris, France

---Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 — 1564) Statue of David

the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; (1508-1512)

Portrait of Pope Julius II by Raphael (1483 — 1520)

Ⅳ.Science and Technology ●Critical thought, doubt and questioning

●Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)-dissection of human and animals

●Andreas Vesalius(1514-1564)

Human body

●Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 — 1543)---The Little Commentary, 1514

--- On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres●The technology of war ---the manufacture of large cannon ---lower and thicker walls with deep protective ditches and platforms Part two The Renaissance in countries other than Italy ●France ---Francois I (r.1515-1547), patron

---Franç Rabelais (c.1483-1553) oisThe Life of Gargantua and of Pantagruel (1534-1546)

---Michel Eyques de Montaigne (1533 — 1592) Essays ,1580 ---Pierre de Ronsard (1524 — 1585) PoetWhat do I know?

●England

---Queen Elizabeth I of England (1533 — 1603)---Sir Thomas More (1472 — 1535) Utopia, 1516 ---Francis Bacon(15611626) ―Knowledge is power‖ ---Edmund Spenser (c. 1552 — 1599) ,The Faerie Queene

---William Shakespeare (1564 — 1616)

38 playsThe Globe Theatre

●Spain---King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella ---El Greco (Domenicos Theotokopoulos) (1541 — 1614) The Disrobing ---Miguel de Cervantes of Christ Saavedra (1547 — 1616 ) (1577 — 1579) ﹡counterreformation

﹡Don Quixote de laMancha (1605 and 1615) , the first modern novel.