英语科技文章写作中的常见问题

第七章 英语科技文章写作中的常见问题

7.1问题的提出

7.1.1结构混杂

科技英语中表达一种思想时最好用一种结构，不要将两种结构混在一起。 ① We are recommending what procedure that you should follow.

② The new fan will be installed in such a place so that the whole area will be cooled. ③ “Overlapped valves” is when the exhaust and the intake valves are open simultaneously for an instant.

7.1.2结构不全

从句中省略主语是有条件的，不能随便省略。

①We shall appreciate any suggestions that you make and are ready to answer further questions if you have them.

②The boiling point of the solution is higher than any of its separate component. ③Coke has proved to be more efficient than any fuel we have tried.

7.1.3结构中断

相互关联的事物尽可能放在一起，否则易生误会。

② The hopper , unless it is scraped frequently ,becomes caked with slag.

②I have ,as you requested in your letter of ...，investigated the possibilities of enlarging our laboratories.

7.1.4复合句前后不一致

（1）主语不一致

The regulations require each man to wear a uniform ,he must also cover his mouth and nose with a mask before entering the laboratory.

（2）人称不一致

If the workers want a manufacturing plant ,let them petition for it.

（3）时态不一致

I pushed the switch and then check the ammeter.

（4）语气不一致

They would save almost $500 if they can re-use the containers.

（5）语态不一致

He lists his objections to the plan ,but its good points are not mentioned.

7.1.5不连接的修饰语

修饰词和修饰对象应靠近。

（1） 副词

We only plan to work one shift next week.

（2） 前置词短语

Without extra help the job will require two months.

（3） 动词不定式短语

To refill the grease cups ,the cylinder head has to be removed .

（4） 分词短语

Having adjusted the carburetor , the motor was started.

（5） 动名词短语

The engine developed much more power after adjusting the valves.

（6） 从句

The gage on the outside of the boiler , which was repaired last week , is working satisfactorily.

（7） 省略从句

Although tested the day before , he could not start the auxiliary engine when the main power supply failed.

7.1.6代词和先行词相互一致

（1）先行词

The gage was attached to the bank , but it was found to be defective.

（2）泛指代词

If the tank is patched , it will reduce the losses.

（3）暗含的先行词

A solution to the problem was found only a few years ago. This was mentioned in my earlier report.

（4）不定的先行词

①Delayed ignition occurs when you have a short circuit in your transformer. ②A new era began when they finally split the atom.

（5）先行词遥远

“Distillation” is one of the chief sections in “Chem.Enger’s Hdbk”, which is Perry’s best-known work. He gave the professions a valuable book.

7.2问题的讨论

7.2.1结构混杂

科技英语中表达一种思想时最好用一种结构。不要将两种结构混在一起。 ① We are recommending what procedure that you should follow.

这里用了what就不能再用that，应改为：

We are recommending the procedure that you should follow.

We are recommending what procedure you should follow.

②The new fan will be installed in such a place so that the whole area will be cooled. Such后应跟as 或that ,而不应再用so that ,也即such 和so that重叠。应改为： The new fan will be installed in such a place as to cool the whole area.或者： The new fan will be installed in such a place that the whole area will be cooled. ③ “Overlapped valves” is when the exhaust and the intake valves are open simultaneously for an instant.

Is 后要求跟表语，但when 后引出状语从句。应改为：

“Overlapped valves” is when the exhaust and the intake valves are open

simultaneously for an instant.或者：

④ “Overlapped valves” is brief simultaneously opening of the exhaust and the

intake valves.

7.2.2结构不全

从句中省略主语是有条件的，不能随便省略。

①We shall appreciate any suggestions that you make and are ready to answer further questions if you have them.

并列句are前省略了主语we，但are 离you比离we近，易误解为you are ready to 。所以此处we不能省，应改为：

We shall appreciate any suggestions that you make and we are ready to answer further questions if you have them.

②The boiling point of the solution is higher than that of any of its separate component.

不同事物不能相比，应改为：

The boiling point of the solution is higher than any of its separate component. ④ Coke has proved to be more efficient than any fuel we have tried.

这里coke 好像不是fuel，必须加入other 或else，应改为：

Coke has proved to be more efficient than any other fuel we have tried.或者： Coke has proved to be more efficient than any fuel else we have tried.

7.2.3结构中断

相互关联的事物尽可能放在一起，否则易生误会。

① The hopper , unless it is scraped frequently ,becomes caked with slag.

应改为：

Unless the hopper is scraped frequently , it becomes caked with slag.或者： The hopper becomes caked with slag, unless it is scraped frequently.

② I have ,as you requested in your letter of ...，investigated the possibilities of enlarging our laboratories.

应改为：

As you requested in your letter of ...,I have investigated the possibilities of enlarging our laboratories.或者：

I have investigated the possibilities of enlarging our laboratories, as you requested in your letter of...

7.1.4复合句前后不一致

（1）主语不一致

The regulations require each man to wear a uniform ,he must also cover his mouth and nose with a mask before entering the laboratory.

应改为：

The regulations require each man to wear a uniform ,they also require him to cover his mouth and nose with a mask before entering the …… 此处隐藏：4904字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……