膜-生物反应器的研究及其在废水处理中的应用(4)

他们确定其研究体系的最佳反冲洗周期为30min，反冲时间30s 的运行方式,有效地保持了系统的稳定运行和反冲效果，有利于自动控制。其它物理清洗方式还有电场过滤、脉冲清洗、脉冲电解及电渗透反冲洗等方法，也具有很好的效果[63]。当物理清洗不能满足要求时，就需对膜进行化学清洗，但清洗周期比物理清洗要长很多。刘锐[64]等用SMBR处理生活污水时，采用NaClO溶液在线药液清洗有效维持了膜的稳定运行，发现NaClO对活性污泥的活性不会产生长期的影响。邹联沛[61]等用0.033％的NaClO溶液和0.33％H2SO4溶液清洗已经过自来水冲洗的膜，通量可恢复到膜初始通量的95％。Yoon[65]等在研究厌氧RMBR处理生活污水时发现鸟粪石（MgNH4PO4·6H2O）是无机膜的主要污染物，其在膜表面和膜孔内都有沉积，用一般的减压、膜内清洗、反冲洗等效果均不明显。但采用具有进料和反冲洗双重功效的“反进料法（back-feeding）”可使通量增加一倍，但对于陶瓷膜仅在初期有效。

综上所述可以看出，膜清洗时要根据MBR体系中膜污染的实际情况，选择合适的清洗时间和合理的清洗方法。 5. 展望

膜－生物反应器是提高污水生化效率与出水水质的有效手段，并以其独特的优点，在水资源日趋短缺、水污染必需控制与治理、环境意识不断增强的情况下蕴藏着巨大的生机，必将得到更深入的研究和更广泛的应用。目前MBR的发展趋势可归纳为以下几个方面： （1）研究、开发高强度、大通量、低成本、耐污染等性能优越的膜材料；进行新型膜器件及其集装式模块化的设计。

（2）MBR长期稳定运行工艺条件的研究。

（3)不断降低能耗、投资与运行成本，促进MBR技术的规模化应用，达到可与常规活性污泥法等多级处理技术相竞争的水平。

(4)新膜分离过程与生物技术相结合，发展新型膜－生物反应器。

The studies on MBR and it’s applications for wastewater treatment* WANG Jianhua XU Youyi** ZHU Baoku

(Department of Polymer Sci. and Eng. , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027,China)

Abstract： In this paper ,the characteristics , current applications, existing problems of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) used in wastewater treatment were reviewed .The research development on the new membrane materials and modules , operation process , the factors of membrane fouling and the methods against the fouling were particularly emphasized, and the research trends were proposed.

Key words： membrane bioreactor; wastewater treatment; membrane fouling 主要参考文献

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