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精诚翻译五折优惠中六年经验！先翻译后付费

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Background and Significance of Research

From the beginning of 2007, Chinese labour costs rose rapidly, which indicated that China was approaching the \the surplus of labor to labor shortages),the mode of economic growth which featured excessive dependence on physical capital and labor input could not be maintained anymore. Enterprises need to handle ost pressure through the improvement of productivity, and at the same time adapt to the new adaptment in global industry chain.

With unexpected inflation nightmare, rising pork prices and food prices, the sign of rising labor costs was noticed. In the first half of 2007, average employee wages pig breeding sector increased by 8% compared with 2002, resulting to the profits in the industry. Rising prices of services is an important sign of increasing pressure of labor cost. In October of this year, home repair services and processing services prices rose by 8.6%, 1.9 percentage points higher than food prices growth in the same period.

In fact, since 2001, price rise became the general trend in services sector. Enterprise complained about less profits which was caused by rising labor costs. In the first three quarters of this year, industrial added value for national enterprises above certain size rose 18.5% over the same period, average monthly wage for on-the-job workers in cities and towns rose by 18.8% in the same period. That is to say, labor costs increase may had been or even exceed the growth of enterprises’ overall production,

with rising ex-factory price index of industrial products, human cost pressures would quickly spread to downstream consumption. Although in official statistics of wage growth, actual wage income growth may be overestimated, due to lack of data on organizations of smaller size and

privately or individually-owned business. However, even in the textile industry which was famouse for its meagre wage, in the first 8 months of this year, average wage of the textile industry had a year-on-year increase of more than 15%.

In addition, the problem of \in coastal areas, wages of urban domestic service personnel are also growing quickly. The supply of these low level labor personnel is insufficient, the situation will be serious in the future. Rising labor costs shows that Chinese mode of production nees change and improvement, it is impossible to always cater to the needs of capital on the expense of labor, so as to maintain economic growth. The effects of rising labor costs on inflation and comparative advantage in foreign trade field will be problems in China economy in the following several years. Especially under the background of excessive liquidity,change of economic development mode is necessary and it is a must.

1.2 Literature review

1.2.1 Status of Domestic Research

Since the reform and opening up, with rapid economic growth, on the one hand, China's foreign trade volume maintained growth, from 20.64 billion USD to 2561.6 billion USD, with average annual growth of 16.8%;on the other hand,overall Chinese human capital stock showed a upward trend, this trend was more obvious since the nineteen ninties of 20th century. Chen Bo (2002) conducted empirical researc on the effects of foreign investment in China's import and export scale by constructing a mathematical model, his study results showed that there was certain positive correlation between FDI and China's export, utilization of foreign capital played an important role in the expansion of Chinese exports, but foreign capital’s effects on improvement of Chinese exports’ competitiveness.

ChunWei Lei (2008) carrid out a empirical study on the effects of trade liberalization on human capital with the use of difference data from 51 developing nations for 24 years, literacy rate represented technology factor endowment, ration of school enrollment number and ratio of graduat number represented human capital. The results indicated that trade liberalization had positive effects on human capital of high literacy rate nations, while had negative effects on school enrollment of low literacy rate countries.The majority of domestic related literature were empirical research about technology spillover effect of foreign trade, most of the authors concluded that foreign trade could really promote technological progress, but there was a premise: human capital accumulation needed to reach a certain level, namely human capital threshold effect. This was because that technology spillover effect of foreign trade depends on not only degree of technology spillover, but also one nation’s ability of absorbing technology, and human capital was considered a major determinant of ability of absorbing technology

1.2.2 Status of Foreignb Research

新增长理论认为对外贸易是一国提升人力资本水平的重要渠道之一。国与国之间发展对外贸易不仅可以增加世界贸易总量，而且可以加速先进科学技术、知识和人力资本在世界范围内的传播，使参加贸易国的知识、技术和人力资本水平得到提升。Acemoglu(2003)则把技术转移纳入到贸易模型中，分析了多个国家在不同时间的技术溢价，认为技术溢价是由技术的供给和需求决定的，吸收技术溢出的过程是一项技术密集型活动，贸易自由化增加技能型劳动力的相对需求，从而导致人力资本的增加。Long，Riezman和Soubeyran(2007)建立了贸易自由化

The new growth theory suggests that foreign trade is one of the most

important channels for a country to upgrade the level of human capital. The development of foreign trade between countries can not only increase the volume of world trade, but also can accelerate the advanced science and technology, knowledge and human capital in the world within the scope of communication, to trade in knowledge, technology and human capital level is improved. Acemoglu (2003) is the transfer of technolo …… 此处隐藏：6037字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……