美国文学史及选读2复习笔记(2)

1876年，《汤姆·索亚历险记》“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”; 1883年，《密西西比河上的生活》“Life on the Mississippi”;

1884年，《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》”Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”; 1894年，《傻瓜威尔逊》“Pudd head Wilson”;

1900年，《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》“The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg”; 1906年，《什么是人？》“What is Man”; 1916年，《神秘来客》“The Mysterious Stranger”

4. 晚年悲观与失望，对十九世纪美国社会价值观不能接受，后一直是一个坚定的怀疑论者，有时他通过时事恶

毒的评论来疏缓自己的压力，晚景凄凉，亲人相继离去he pointed towards his uneasy acceptance of the values of nineteenth-century American society, he wrote three works expressing his acute pessimism. From that time until his death, he maintained a bitter skepticism, relieved at times by outraged commentary on world affairs. His last years were saddened by personal bereavement.

5. 教材作品：《汤姆·索亚历险记》“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” 五、O. Henry 欧·亨利

原名威廉·悉尼·波特（笔名欧·亨利）William Sidney Porter.

1. 由于人们对他撰写的故事特别感兴趣,《安斯利杂志》的出版人便邀请他到纽约专门写稿he wrote stories for

different magazines, and when there came a big demand for his stories, the publishers of “Ainslee’s Magazing” invited him to come to New York.

2. 欧·亨利写的故事大部分讲的是纽约穷苦人的生活，也写过其他地方类似人的辛酸生活，他讲述的故事一般很

短，情节安排巧妙又引人入胜，故事幽默，有趣，结果往往又出人意料，他的故事中有许多俚语和地方性语言表达，美国以外读者理解这些内容有些困难，这些表达方式，在作者看来是一种本地特色，并且能够很好地同故事中的人物和场景结合起来Many of his stories tell about the lives of poor people in New York, as well as in other places, his works abound in good-natured humor. His stories are usually short, the plots are exceedingly clever and interesting; humor abounds, and the end is always surprising. Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions that make them hard to be understood by people outside of America. Such forms of speech are used to give what is called local, to make the stories fit in with the characters and scenes described. 3. 欧·亨利认为他自己是一个十分谦虚的人，他很害羞，不喜与人交往，即使是成名以后也是这样His own estimate

of himself was always a very modest one and he was shy and retiring in the presence of friends yet his fame. 4. 最好小说集《四百万》his best volume” The Four Million”; 最好单部小说：《旧知》、《麦珙的礼物》、《市政报告》、

《没讲完的故事》、《月亮女神》、《吝啬爱人》、《装饰过的房间》，his best individual stories “Retrieved Reformation”, “The Gift of the Magi”, “A Municipal Report”, “An Unfinished Story”, “Phoebe”, “A Lickpenny Lover”, “The Furnished Room”.

5. 教材作品：《警察与赞美诗》：”The Cop and the Anthem” 六、Henry James亨利·詹姆斯1843-1916

1. 他大部分教育是在家里完成的，全家在欧洲的频繁旅行是他接受教育的另一个重要源泉he received the major

part of his education at home, his family’s travels in Europe were another source of education for Henry. 2. 1871年，第一部小说《观察和守护》“Watch and Ward”;

1875年《罗德里克·赫德森》”Roderick Hudson”;

1877年《美国人》讲述的是一个国际性的话题，书中他认为美国人同丰富多彩的欧洲生活相比，显得没底蕴“The American” with its “international” theme of the traditionless American confronting the complexity of European life

1878年《达西·密勒》有人评论该作品是“对美国姑娘的嘲弄”，但正是这部作品让他首次获得了国际声誉”Daisy Miller”, which one American critic described as “an outrage to American girlhood” but which brought James his first international fame.

1881年《一个贵妇人的画像》是其早期作品中最好的一部“The Portrait of a Lady” the finest example of James’s early work.

3. 他第二个创作时期作品有：

1886年《波士顿人》“The Bostonians”

1886年《卡萨玛西玛公主》“The Princess Casamassima”; 1890年《悲惨的缪斯》“The Tragic Muse” 4. 第三阶段作品有：

1902年《鸽翼》“The Wings of the Dove”; 1903年《大使》”The Ambassadors” 1904年《金碗》”The Golden Bowl”

这时他写法日趋成熟和灵活，许多评论家声称为他的“主要阶段” exemplify the mature and formidable style of a third literary period, which critics have come to praise as “The Major Phase”.

5. 同豪厄斯不一样，他的影响不在当时，而是在他去世后接下来的一段时间里，他因对自己祖国的批语，人物

情感的塑造较为封闭狭小，人物的社会范围也较为有限而遭到了当时评论家的功击，他最后阶段创作的作品晦涩难懂，风格也不大气，遭到了当时人们的嘲讽，其实只是对读者提出了更高的要求，只有有了同步的心灵，才能感应他作品中的微妙之处，要求读者所受教育同他一样，要求读者同作者一样不慌不忙，慢慢咀嚼Unlike Howells James’s greatest influence was exerted not on his own age but on the one that followed. He had been attacked for criticizing his native land and for the narrow emotional and social range of his characters. And he had been ridiculed for the obscure and costive style of his final period, a style that was able to express the subtlest meanings but was based on the assumption that the reader was as well educated, as exquisitely attuned, and in as little hurry as the author.

6. 原来小说主要是一种新闻形式，主要讲述一些浪漫故事。他则把小说转变成了个人在社会环境中面对种种冲

突，，进行深刻转变的文学形式，对人们心理感受进行反映的一种文学形式，他定义这为感受的最高形式helping to transform the novel from its alliances with journalism and romantic story-telling into an art form of penetrating analysis of individuals confronting society, chronicles of the psychological perceptions that James himself defined as the highest form of experience.

7. 教材作品：《一个贵妇人的画像》：”The Portrait of A Lady” 七、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916

1. 他在极端贫困中长大，很小的时候，就开始从事低贱和危险的工作，为了生存，他尝尽了生活的艰辛，之后

下定决心通过自学来提高自己的生活状况及其他方面he grew up in extreme poverty: from earliest yout …… 此处隐藏：6299字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……