英文写作手册中文翻译(7)

可以的。而单词regular（有规律的）要好得多：“he does not live a regular life（他过着没有规律的生活）；”或“he is not a man of regular habits（他不是一个生活习惯规律的人）.”

Another thing we should learn is what words can be used together, or collocations. Again, collocations in English are often different from collocations in Chinese. We say in Chinese, for instance, da xue, while in English the word snow is modified not by big but by heavy.

另一件应学习的事是什么单词能被联合或搭配。此外，英语搭配往往与汉语搭配不同。例如用汉语表达大雪，而在英语中，单词snow（雪）不能用big（大）修饰，只能用heavy（量大的、厚实的）。

It is said that English grammar is not too complicated, but the idiomatic use of English words and expressions is quite difficult for foreign learners. We must give special attention to the study of idiomatic English if we want to improve our writing.

有人说英语语法不太复杂，但对外国学习者来说，英语词汇和表达的习惯用法是相当难的。如果想提高写作，必须格外专注于英语习惯用法的学习。 Ⅲ. Synonyms 三、同义词

The English language is very rich in synonyms. This is partly

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due to the fact that English has over the centuries borrowed or absorbed tens of thousands of words from other languages, mainly Greek, Latin and French. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are generally colloquial or informal, and they form a great part of the vocabulary that people use daily. Many of the words of Greek, Latin and French origin are formal, learned or “big;”and are mainly used in formal writing or speech.

英语语言有大量同义词，这在一定程度上归功于一个事实，几世纪以来，英语从其他语言中借入或吸收了数以万计的词汇，主要有希腊语、拉丁语和法语。盎格鲁-撒克逊语的词汇起源于一般口语或非正式语，在人们的日常用语中占很大比重。希腊语、拉丁语和法语中的许多词汇来源于正式语、学术语或“大词”，主要用于正规写作或演讲。

We should remember that words are only roughly or approximately synonymous. It is difficult to find two words that have exactly the same meaning, carry the same implication, are used in the same collocation, or have the same stylistic value.

我们应牢记词汇只是大致或近似同义。很难找到两个词具有完全相同的含义、承载相同蕴涵、被用于相同搭配或有相同的文体价值。

Little and small are both common words, and can be called synonyms. But they are slightly different in implication: little may

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imply a feeling of fondness, while small is objective. Small is often used to modify amount, mistake, number, etc, but little is seldom used with these words.

Little和small都是常用词汇，可称为同义词。但它们在蕴涵上稍有不同。Little 可能暗示一种宠爱之情，而small是不带感情的。Small常用于修饰数量、错误、数字等等，但little很少用来修饰这些词。

Similarly, big, large, huge and great are not the same in the degree of emphasis and collocation. Large is more emphatic than big; huge is the most emphatic of the three words. Great can be used to modify abstract nouns like courage and wisdom, and persons with special qualities, such as a great leader, a great strategist and a great composer, while the other three words are not used in this way.

类似地，big, large, huge 和 great强调的程度和词语搭配也有所不同。Large 比big更有力；huge与其他三个词相比最有力。Great可用来修饰抽象词，象勇气、智慧；人的特殊品质，如a great leader（一位伟大的领袖）, a great strategist （一位卓越的军事家）和a great composer（一位杰出的作曲家），而其他三个词没有这种用法。

Suitable and appropriate, lucky and fortunate, dangerous and hazardous, many and myriad, have similar meanings, but are

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different in style: of each pair the second word is more literary than the first.

Suitable和appropriate，lucky和fortunate，dangerous和 hazardous，many和myriad，分别具有相似的含义，却风格迥异：每对词中，第二个词比第一个词更适于写作。

Laugh, smile, chuckle and giggle are verbs and nouns with similar meanings, but they denote different ways of laughing. To laugh is to smile with sounds of the voice, and to smile is to show amusement with an expression of the face without producing any sound of the voice, to chuckle is to laugh quietly with a closed mouth, and to giggle is to laugh repeatedly in an uncontrolled way, especially when one is amused, nervous or embarrassed. To describe a certain person’s smile or laugh on a certain occasion perhaps only one of these words is most suitable.

Laugh、smile、chuckle和giggle是意思相近的动词和名词，但它们意味着不同的笑法。laugh是指 smile（微笑）并笑出声来。smile是脸上露出快乐的表情，没有发出任何笑声。chuckle是抿嘴轻声笑。giggle是止不住地反复笑，特别用在一个人被逗笑、神经质或尴尬的时候，在某个特殊场合形容某个人的smile 或 laugh时，这些词中或许只有这个是最恰当的。

All this shows that it is important to study useful synonyms and their minute differences, so that we may choose the best word

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to express an idea. A good dictionary with explanations of synonyms may be helpful.

这一切表明，学习有益的同义词和区分细微差异很重要，以便我们选出最适合的词汇表达思想。一本有同义词注释的好词典可能会帮上忙。

In understanding the meaning of words we should avoid equating an English word with a Chinese one. It is hardly possible to find an English word which has exactly the same meaning and implication as a Chinese word. Book and shu, strike and da, land and tudi, family and jia, are synonymous only in one of their many senses, and are different in others. Take family for instance. The word refers to people who are closely related, especially father, mother and their children. It does not refer to the house where a family lives, while the Chinese word jia has this meaning. We have to be careful when we use those English words which we think are equivalent to certain Chinese words.

理解单词含义时，应避免将英语和汉语词汇等同看待。几乎找不到哪个英语单词的含义、蕴涵和一个汉语词汇完全相同。book和书，strike和打 …… 此处隐藏：3140字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……