英文写作手册中文翻译(5)

apparition, reduce, condition, mortal and terror. The two sentences are similar in structure and meaning, so it is the words in them that make them different in style. Of course, people seldom say anything like the second sentence in daily conversation.

第一句是非正式和口语化的，第二句更加正式，因为它包含诸如apparition（幽灵）, reduce（ 使…陷入某种状态中）, condition（状况、状态、环境）, mortal（极度的、极大的） 和terror（惊恐、恐惧）等正式词。这两个句子结构和意思相似，所含词汇使它们呈现不同的风格。当然，人们很少会在日常会话中象第二句那样说话。

As we make progress in our study of English, we certainly learn more and more words. It is a good policy to find a common word of similar meaning when we learn a formal of “big” word.

当我们在英语学习上取得进步，肯定学习了越来越多的单词。当学习一个正式的“大”词时，找出近似含义的常用词为上策。

Below are examples of nonstandard words: 以下是不规范语的实例： ain’t (am not, is not, has not) jolly (very) cool (very good) hot (angry; fast)

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deal (agreement) damn (very) neat (nice)

Since such words are nonstandard, we need not use them either in speech or in writing.

既然这些词不规范，我们也不必在演讲或写作时使用。 II. Choice of Words 二、单词的选择

When we write on common topics for the general audience, we may achieve accuracy and appropriateness by bearing in mind the following guidelines about the choice of words:

当我们写一个大众常见的主题，通过牢记选择单词遵循的指导原则，会如愿以偿选出准确得体的单词。

(1)Use common or informal words for general purposes; use formal or nonstandard words only on special occasions or for special purposes;

(1)常见或非正式词用于一般用途；正式或不规范词仅用于特殊场合或特殊目的。

(2)Use specific and concrete words when giving details; use general or abstract words when making summaries;

(2)使用特指、具体的词汇描写细节；使用概括或抽象的词汇进行总结。

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(3)Use idiomatic expressions and words in acceptable collocations; avoid combinations that are unidiomatic;

(3)使用习惯表达和可接受的词语搭配，避免组合与习惯不符。

(4)When there are synonyms, choose the word that expresses the meaning most exactly and that suits the content and style.

(4)当用同义词时，选择的单词要表达含义最贴切，与内容和风格相匹配。

We have given examples of common, formal and nonstandard words. Here are examples of general and specific words:

常用词，正式词和不规范词的实例已经给出，如下是概括词和具体词的实例。

General Specific

animal tiger, horse, fox, cat, mouse, bird, butterfly, insect laugh chuckle, guffaw, giggle, roar, smile, grin, beam big huge, great, large, vast, immense, enormous, tremendous scientist physicist, chemist, biologist, astronomer, geologist,

mathematician

Words are general or specific by comparison. Animal is general when compared with tiger, horse, etc, but horse is more general than steed, stallion, etc.

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词汇通过对比有了概括或特指的概念。动物和老虎、马等相比是概括词，而马比战马、种马等更笼统。

Both general and specific words are useful in writing. When we describe or explain things, or when we give details, we should try to use specific or concrete words wherever possible, for they are vivid, exact and interesting; when we summarize or generalize, we may find general or abstract words useful. …… 此处隐藏：791字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……