新标准大学英语 - 视听说教程3原文及翻译(10)

C 我刚就在那。你看到我了！

B 什么？对不起，我听不见你在说什么。

C 算了吧，你看到我了！你难道喜欢别人对你做那垃圾控制服务？

B 真好听的歌，不是吗？我喜欢这首。你听力有问题吗？你一直在尖叫。 C 不！你才有??毛病！ B 是。呸！

如果你长时间等待的停车点被其他人偷占了，你会怎么做？ D 我会按喇叭，摇下窗，对他们骂脏话。 E 我会喊叫让他们离开！

攻击，是生存技能的一部分。动物和人类为了生存都需要具有攻击性。但是我们该如何把握进退呢？我们该什么时候打斗？我们该什么时候放弃离开？那些是我们每天都在做的决定。

Listening in 1

Today we‘ll focus on two aspects of group behaviour.Firstly,how groups develop,and secondly,the roles individuals play within a group.It‘s widely acknowledged that the performance of effective groups is often greater than the sum of the individuals in the group.This is due to what we call synergy-in other words,the extra energy and effevtiveness that people create when they work together.

Early research in this field carried out in the 1930s by Elton Mayo discovered something that he called the ―Hawthorne effect‖.The idea is that when individual know they are part of a study,their productivity automatically increases regardless of other factors,such as how much time or money they are given,for example.The research suggests that things like personal identity,self-esteem and the social context in which a group is working are really very important factors in improving the performance of individuals.

If we move on to look at the nature of groups more closely,we find that groups have natural phasese that can help us understand their effectiveness.You have probably all had experience of working with other people in a group that,at firsl,wasn,t very productive.This phenomenon was studied by Tuckman in the 1960s,and he created a model to describe the stages of a group.

The first stage is known as‖Forming‖which is when individual members get to know each other.This is followed by‖Storming‖when individual start to share their ideas and creative energy.The third phase is‖Norming‖where a group identity begins to form.The final stage is‖Performing‖when individuals within the group work together.And it is at this stage that the group achieves results.Understanding these phases can help us ensure that members of a group work together to overcome early loner.

The‖Resource investigator‖is the group member who is always curious and explores new ideas and the‖Monitorevaluator‖is calm and serous and makes good,balanced decisions.

The‖Team worker‖in contrast is a socially orientated and sensitive member of the team who is able to encourage a team spirit.And the‖Comleter-finisher‖is a conscientious perfectionist who follows through on the details and ties up and loose ends.To be effective,a team needs to have a variety of members who can fulfill all these different roles.

今天，我们将关注团队合作的两个方面。首先，团队是怎样发展形成的，再者，是每个个体在团队中扮演的角色。人们普遍承认，有效率的团队合作通常比组内个人工作成果的总和要好得多。这是由于一种被我们称为协作的东西——即是当他们一起工作时产生的额外的能量和效率。

Elton Mayo在20世纪30年代在这个领域进行过早期的研究，他曾经发现了霍索恩效应。这

个观点是指当个体知道他们是研究小组的一部分时，他们的生产率不受比如他们被给定的时间或金钱其他因素影响，自动地提高了。这个调查表明着比如个性特征，自尊和一个团队所工作的社会环境是提高个人工作表现非常重要的因素。 如果我们继续进一步地去看团队的本质，我们会发现团队其自身的阶段来帮我们了解它们的效率。大家或许都有过在一个团队里和其他人一起工作的经验，刚开始，不是很高效的。Tuckman曾在20世纪60年代研究过这个现象，他创造了一个模型来描述一个团队的不同阶段。

第一个阶段被称为“组建期”。这个时期中，单个的成员开始互相认识。紧随其后的第二个阶段是“激荡期”，个体开始分享他们的想法和创造力。第三个阶段是“规范期”，一个团队的特性开始形成。最后一个阶段是“执行期”，团队内的个体开始一起工作。团队正是在这个阶段取得成果。明白这些阶段能帮助我们确保团队的成员一起工作，防止出现早期的独行者。

外交家是团队内总是有好奇心并且探索新设想的人，监督员冷静严肃，是能做出较为平衡的决策的人。相形之下，凝聚者是一个能鼓动士气，目标明确且敏感的团队成员。完成者是一个尽责的完美主义者，关注细节，整合资源，完善成果。想要成为一个有效率的团队，需要有各种各样能胜任所有这些不同角色的成员。

Listening in 2

Today I'm reporting from Phuket in Southern Thailand.Parts of the island were devastated by the tsunami in 2004,and over 250 people lost their lives here. I've come back to see how one community has recovered.

Here in the village of The Chat Chai,the rebuilding of the destroyed homes has been led by the international organazition Habitat for Humanity.About a year after the tsunami occurred,volunteers began building 36 new homes for local families.

One villager,Somwang,is certainly very happy with the results.He used to live in a small hut on his two square metre plot of land near the sea.The local community wanted him to have a bigger home and despite the small size of his plot of land,they built him a three-storey house,which is now the tallest in the village. A happy ending to such a horrific tragedy.

The rebuilding here has also had a positive effect on the local economy,because the earth bricks that were used to build the homes were produced in Khao Lak,another tsunami hit island——all part of a post-tsunami livelihood development project.

Talking to people here,I've discovered that the project not only provided them with much needed shelter,but also the process has helped rebuild a spirit of community amongst them.A host of foreign as well as local volunteers joined together to work in rebuilding the villagers' homes and lives,and even an American TV celebrity volunteered.

The project has also been visited by former US president Jimmy Carter,who is an active supporter of Habitat for Humanity.He and his wife offer one week of …… 此处隐藏：6295字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……