Lecture3-1 Morphology形态学(2)

Kodak, Coke, nylon, Xerox, Bandit, Lycra

4.4.2 Blending

transfer+resistor>transistor smoke+fog>smog motorist+hotel>motel breakfast+lunch>brunch

modulator+demodulator>modem dance+exercise>dancercise

advertisement+editorial>advertorial education+entertainment>edutainment information+commercial>infomercial

4.4.3 Abbreviations Clipping

Back-clippings: ad(vertisement), chimp(anzee), deli(catessen), exam(ination), hippo(potamus), lab(oratory), piano(forte), reg(ulation)s

Fore-clippings: (ham)burger, (omni)bus, (violin)cello, (heli)copter, (alli)gator, (tele)phone, (earth)quake.

Fore-and-aft clippings: (in)flu(enza), (de)tec(tive). Acronym

AIDS, Aids: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ASAP: as soon as possible

CD-ROM: compact disc read-only memory WASP: white Anglo-Saxon protestant

Initialism

AI: artificial intelligence a.s.a.p.: as soon as possible ECU: European Currency Unit

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus PC: personal computer PS: postscript

RSVP: répondez s’il vous plait (‘please reply’ in French)

4.4.4 Back-formation

burgle, commentate, edit, peddle, scavenge, sculpt, swindle

air-condition, babysit, brainstorm, brainwash, browbeat, dry-clean, house-hunt, housekeep, sightsee, tape-record

articulate, assassinate, coeducate, demarcate, emote, intuit, legislate, marinate, orate, vaccinate, valuate

diagnose < diagnosis

enthuse < enthusiasm laze < lazy liaise < liaison

reminisce < reminiscence statistic < statistics televise < television 4.4.5 Analogical creation From irregular to regular: work: wrought > worked

beseech: besought > beseeched slay: slew > slayed? go: went > goed???

4.4.6 Borrowing

French: administration, parliament, public, revenue, tax; court, crime, defendant, judge, jury, justice, pardon, sue;

army, enemy, guard, officer, peace, soldier, war; clergy, faith, prayer, religion, sermon, service; coat, costume, dress, fashion, frock, jewel, lace; boil, dinner, feast, fry, roast, supper, toast;

bargain, butcher, customer, grocer, money, price, value; art, college, music, poet, prose, story, study

Latin: admit, client, conviction, custody, discuss, equal, index, infinite, intellect, library, medicine, minor, opaque, prosecute, pulpit, scribe, scripture, simile, testimony …… 此处隐藏：36字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……