08新版GMAT语法-讲义(7)

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例：P252 45

Delighted by the reported earnings for the first quarter of the fiscal year, it was decided by the company manager to give her staff a raise.

(A) it was decided by the company manager to give her staff a raise (B) the decision of the company manager was to give her staff a raise (C) the company manager decided to give her staff a raise (D) the staff was given a raise by the company manager (E) a raise was given to the staff by the company manager

分词在句首：逗号，主谓宾，doing，有可能有新的含义 ，有可能伴随着动作 状态，伴随着功能结果。 例：P251 39

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

(A) a method to protect (B) as a method protecting (C) protecting

(D) as a protection of (E) to protect

分词在做定语时候，一个现分，强调多次重复性的行为；一为定从，强调具体一次性的。 过分优于定语从句。 例：P273 130

In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically.

(A) sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have

(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have

(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have

(D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the public has

(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has

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例：P302 52

In cold-water habitats, certain invertebrates and fish convert starches into complex carbohydrates called glycerols, in effect manufacturing its own antifreeze.

(A) in effect manufacturing its own antifreeze (B) effectively manufacturing antifreeze of its own (C) in effect manufacturing their own antifreeze (D) so that they manufacture their own antifreeze (E) thus the manufacture of its own antifreeze

例：P302 54

Monitoring heart patients' exercise, as well as athletes exercising, is now done by small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines.

(A) Monitoring heart patients' exercise, as well as athletes exercising, is now done by small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines.

(B) Monitoring the exercise of heart patients, as well as athletes exercising, is now done by small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines

(C) Small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines are now used to monitor the exercise of both heart patients and athletes.

(D) Broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines, small transmitters are now used to monitor heart patients' exercise, as well as athletes exercising.

(E) Both athletes exercising and heart patients' exercise are now monitored by small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines.

例：P302 55

55. The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word \do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or nothing that has been synthesized.

(A) or nothing that has been (B) nor anything that was (C) and nothing that is

(D) or anything that has been (E) and anything

例：P302 56

Charlotte Parkins Gilman, a late nineteenth-century feminist, called for urban apartment houses including child-care facilities and clustered suburban houses including communal eating and social facilities.

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(A) including child-care facilities and clustered suburban houses including communal eating and social facilities

(B) that included child-care facilities, and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities

(C) with child-care facilities included and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities

(D) that included child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities

(E) to include child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities included

例：P302 57.

Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be drawn from \fair cross section of the community.\

(A) has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be (B) was necessary for developing and enforcing the principle of all juries being (C) was to be necessary in developing and enforcing the principle of all juries to be (D) is necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be

(E) will be necessary for developing and enforcing the principle of all juries being