新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版第三册答案(3)

If you see dead fish floating on the river or notice that the water is discolored and smelly,

you know the river has been polluted, and there are four main possible causes for it. First, fertilizer. If large amounts of fertilizer or farm waste drain into a river, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in the water increase considerably.Algae use these substances to grow rapidly, turning the water green.

This massive growth of algae leads to pollution. When the algae die, they are broken down by the action of the bacteria, which quickly multiply, using up all the oxygen in the water and therefore causing the death of fish.

Second, industrial waste. Factories sometimes discharge chemical waste into rivers. Examples of such pollutants include cyanide, lead, copper, and mercury. These substances may enter the water in such high concentrations that fish and other animals are killed immediately. Sometimes the pollutants enter the food chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels, eventually killing fish and other animals. Third, oil pollution. If oil enters a slow-moving river, it forms a rainbow-colored film over the entire surface, preventing oxygen from entering the water.

Fourth, warm water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers. A higher temperature of the water lowers the level of dissolved oxygen and upsets the balance of life in the water.

Keys:1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D

Task3: Curbing carbon emissions Script:

Although it is not an easy task, China is striving to fulfill the promise to cut its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent in the next 10 years.

Zhang Guobao, Director of the National Energy Administration, said, \government puts great emphasis on seeking harmonious development between cities and the environment, and is readjusting the energy structure by giving priority to the development of clean and low-carbon energies, including hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, and solar power.\

Government authorities have closed small, coal-fired plants with a total capacity of 60.06 million kilowatts in the past four years. This year's target of closing 10 million kilowatts of capacity will be achieved by August.

\

be generated from nonfossil sources by 2020,\Director Zhang said. At present, non-fossil energy accounts for only 7.8 percent.

China is making efforts to increase the proportion of clean energy in its total energy consumption. Statistics show that China invested US$34.6 billion in clean energy last year, exceeding the United States which invested US$18.6 billion. Thus, China has become the world leader in generating clean energy. Five years earlier, China's investment in clean energy was only US$2.5 billion.

However, China's carbon emission reduction target cannot be achieved easily. The shift to a low-carbon economy might be met at a cost to society. For instance, more than 400,000 people were laid off as a result of the shutdown of small coal-fired power plants in the past four years. Many studies indicate that the effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions may delay China's development, affect people's income, and lead to unemployment. Keys:1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C

IV. Speaking Out MODEL1 MODEL2 MODEL3 V. Let?ˉs Talk

Task 1:Disappointment over climate negotiations

Keys:

1) doesn't really actually commit anyone to doing anything,

2) the atmosphere simple can't take the kind of emissions we've been seeing in the business-as-usual scenario and there's no real commitment to change that. 3) There's no real commitment to put serious money on the table 4) It's not backed by action, 5) It does not constitute a... a deal. 6) It's a hollow shell

7) it lacks anything on emissions cuts

8) There's no guarantee that there will be new money, that the money will be real, that there's actually a commitment to get there, or that it will be channeled in new ways,

Task 2:What's your answer? Two speakers hold a negative attitude toward the world climate conference.

Task 3:Let's group work!

Developed countries should bear more responsibilities.

First, they caused most of the world pollution in their industrialization process. Second, they are already economically advanced, with more funds to deal with pollution problems.

On the other hand, developing countries caused less pollution in the past, and now they need rapid development.

Therefore, an international agreement the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 stipulated common but differentiated responsibilities for developed and developing nations, which means that both should be responsible for environmental protection and cut carbon dioxide emissions, but the former must take more responsibility.

Recently, however, some wealthy countries have insisted that developing countries like China should shoulder more responsibilities.

VI. Further Listening and Speaking Listening Task:

Task1: The environment and the development Script:

Li:Hi, Professor Wang.

I'm Li Lin, a correspondent for the university newspaper.

The staff and students here are getting more and more interested in the relationship between the environment and economic development.

What do you think is the most serious environmental problem at present? What measures should we adopt to improve the environment and develop the economy at the same time?

Wang: There are many environmental problems: air pollution, water pollution, desertification, overfishing, destruction of natural habitats, acid rain, overconsumption of wild animals and plants, etc. But lying at the center of all those problems, as I see it, is the contradiction between economic growth and the environment.

Since the United Nations Earth Summit i …… 此处隐藏：7707字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……