!加精啦！ISSUE分类高频提纲(3)

sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves.\

107 \hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view.\

215 \bombardment of visual images in contemporary society has the effect of making people less able to focus clearly and extensively on a single issue over a long period of time.\

第五类：艺术类：

20. 政府对艺术的态度：

85. \

a) 如果政府不对艺术进行扶持，艺术家完全可以凭借自己本身对艺术的酷爱来创作艺术作品。但是如果艺术家不能从艺术

上得到最起码的物质生活保证，那么就会阻碍艺术的发展，因为会有越来越少的人来从事艺术。

b) 政府对艺术的资助和扶持有助于艺术的发展，也有利于其它人去从事艺术创作。比如中国的唐朝，政府对艺术扶持，使

得当时无论是绘画还是音乐，包括文学都给后人留下了很多宝贵的遗产。

c) 当政府把过多的精力放到艺术上的时候，或者过多的放到某一类艺术的时候，就会让很多艺术家为了迎合社会需要而创

作艺术作品，这样就妨碍了艺术的完整性。比如政府总是支持艺术家去创作那些高深的，抽象的，复杂的艺术作品，会使得艺术家创作大量这方面的艺术，而那些来自生活的，简单的，一般人可以欣赏的艺术作品却很少，不能满足人们的需要，则这样就破坏了艺术的完整性。

总结：政府的资助有利于艺术的发展，但是如果强加在艺术上的政治色彩太浓的时候就会影响 艺术的发展。

101. \should provide funding for artists so that the arts can flourish and be available to all people.\

190 \as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate -- and, perhaps, even cruel -- when one considers all the potential uses of such money.\ 21. 艺术家与评论家：

96 \critics who write about the arts tend to deny the existence of any objective standards for evaluating works of art, they have a responsibility to establish standards by which works of art can be judged.\

143. \and constrain the artist's creativity.\who evaluate works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.

144 \critic,* who gives society something of lasting value.\person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc. 22. 艺术的价值：

131 \arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.\

49 \works such as novels, plays, films, fairy tales, and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus reality rather than report on it literally, their creations have a more lasting significance.\ 23. 其它

76. \highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society.\

14. \is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature.\

218 \merit, it must be understandable to most people.\

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a)

b)

c)

对大部分的艺术来说，欣赏发生在人们与作品接触的那一刻，过深过难于理解会阻碍人们对于艺术的鉴赏，不能让观众得到美的享受。反面例子，正因为印象派的作品在当时太难理解，甚至有丰富知识和经验的评论加都不理解，不利于人们的欣赏

艺术作品不一定需要人们的理解。一方面：因为人们的知识有限，所以不可能完全揣摸出艺术作品所代表的作者的真实想法，但是只要能够欣赏就足够了。比如：对于某些外语歌曲，虽然由于语言障碍听不懂作者的意思，但是只要我们听到以后感到很美，那它就是有价值的。如有些诗，我们不能体会作者的真实意思，只要我们的精神得到放松也行；另一方面：艺术作品正是因为不容易被理解，才有了见仁见智的感受，才给人想象力，才full of humor and wit,才有价值；―一千个人眼中就有一千个哈姆雷特‖ hamlet，你能说有谁真正读懂了莎士比亚么？（Shakespeare）,但这不影响hamlet to be a noted masterpiece.

一个艺术作品如果不是作者真实情感，passion，desire的表现，而是为了迎合观众或者让大多数人理解，那它就很难有长久的价值。比如很多无聊的商业片，虽然短时期被大多数人欢迎，但却不被评论家看好，很快就会被大家遗忘。

第六类：科技类：

24. 科技的影响：

23.\As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives.\

88.\ 114. \innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.\

135 \most of the environmental problems we face result from the use of technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to these problems.\

166. \make people's lives more comfortable.\

196. \quality of life.\

219. \that computer technology has made possible the rapid accessing of large amounts of factual information, people are less likely than ever to think deeply or originally. They feel unable to compete with -- much less contribute to -- the quantity of information that is now available electronically.\

237．\and video technology can make facsimiles of original works such as paintings and historical documents available to everyone. The great advantage of this new technology is that it will enable anyone—not just scholars—to conduct in-depth research without having access to the original works.\

7 \life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.\

66. \people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.\

124 \transportation-all of the se recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though, instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic than ever before.\ 25. 技术的目标：

30. \primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.\

176 \

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