财政学名词解释汇总

财政学名词解释汇总 动漫版、学术版综合体

The field of econmics that analyzes government taxation and spending.

The document that

includes all

the

federal government’s

revenues and expenditures.

An annual statement of the costs imposed on the economy by government regulations. (xianzaimeiyoule)

Programs whose expenditures are determined by the number of people who qualify, rather than preset budget allocations.

The tendency of an inpidual to consume more of one good and less of another because of a decrease in the price of the

former relative to the latter.

A good for which demand increases as income increases and demand decreases as income decreases, other things being the

same.

The effect of a price change on the quantity demanded due exclusively to the fact that the consumer’s income has changed.

A measure of the extent to which two events move together.

The group of inpiduals who are subject to the intervention being studied.

The comparison group of inpiduals who are not subject to the intervention being studied.

An estimate that conflates the true causal impact with the impact of outside factors.

The outcome for people in the treatment group had they not been treated.

1:

财政学名词解释汇总 动漫版、学术版综合体

An empirical study in which inpiduals are randomly assigned to the treatment and control

groups.

An empirical study that relies on observed data that are not obtained from an experimental

setting.

The statistical tools for analyzing economic data.

The line that provides the best fit through a scatter of data points.

A statistical measure of how much an estimated regression coefficient might vary from its true

value.

Data that contain information on entities at a given point in time.

Data that contain information on an entity at different points in time.

Data that contain information on inpidual entities at different point of time.

An observational study that relies on

circumstances outside

of the

researcher’s

control to mimic random assignment.

An analysis that

compares changes

over

time in an outcome of the treatment group to changes over the same time period in the outcome of the control group.

An analysis that relies on finding some variable that affects entry into the treatment group,

but in

itself is

not correlated with the outcome variable.

An analysis that relies on a strict cut-off criterion for eligibility of the intervention under study in order to approximate an

experimental design.

2:

财政学名词解释汇总 动漫版、学术版综合体

The branch of economic theory concerned with the social

desirability of alternative economic states.

A device used to depict the distribution of goods in a two good-two person world.

An allocation of resources such that

no person

can be made better off without making another person worse off.

A reallocation of resources

that makes

at least

one

person better off without making anyone else worse off.

The locus of all pareto efficient points.

A graph that shows the maximum quantity of one output that can be produced, given the

amount of the other output.

The rate at which the economy can transform one good into another good; it is the absolute

value of the slope of the production possibilities frontier.

The incremental cost of producing one more unit of output.

A graph showing the maximum amount of one person’s utility

given each

level of utility

attained by the other person.

A function reflecting society’s views on how the u

tilities of its members affect the well-being

of society as a whole.

A market with only one seller of a good.

A situation in which one party engaged in an economic transaction has better information

about the good or service traded than the other party.

A cost or benefit that occurs when the activity of one entity directly affects the welfare of

another in a way that is outside the market mechanism.

A good that is nonrival and nonexcludable in consumption.

A commodity that ought to be provided even if people do not demand it.

3:

财政学名词解释汇总 动漫版、学术版综合体

A commodity that

is nonrival

and nonexcludable in consumption. A commodity that

is rival

and excludable

in

consumption.

A good that is rival and/or excludable to some extent.

rival and excludable commodities that are provided by governments. The process of creating

a market

demand curve by

summing the quantities.

the process of aggregate demand curve for a public good by adding the prices each inpidual is

willing to pay for a given quantity of the good.

the incentive to let other people pay for a public good while you enjoy the benefits.

when a producer charges each person the maximum he or she is willing to pay the good.

The process of turning services that are supplied by the government over to the private sector for

provision and/or production.

the idea that some commodities ought to be made available to everybody.

A cost or benefit that occurs when the activity of one entity directly affects the welfare of

another in a way that is outside the market mechanism.

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