腐植酸提高食用型甘薯块根可溶性糖含量的生理基础

腐植酸提高食用型甘薯块根可溶性糖含量的生理基础

作物学报 ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2011, 37(4): 711 716

ISSN 0496-3490; CODEN TSHPA9

http://doc.guandang.net/zwxb/

E-mail: xbzw@http://doc.guandang.net

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00711

腐植酸提高食用型甘薯块根可溶性糖含量的生理基础

柳洪鹃1 李作梅1 史春余1,* 张立明2,*

1

2

山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018; 山东省农业科学院, 山东济南 250100

摘 要: 选用典型的食用型甘薯品种北京553, 设置施用腐植酸和对照处理, 于2008—2009年2个生长季在山东农业大学农学试验站进行试验。在甘薯块根膨大过程中定期取样, 测定块根可溶性糖和淀粉含量及相关酶活性、功能叶蔗糖含量及相关酶活性变化。结果表明, 与对照比较, 施用腐植酸显著提高了功能叶磷酸蔗糖合酶活性和蔗糖含量, 生育期内平均增幅分别为30.90%和9.48%, 显著降低了块根蔗糖合酶活性, 平均降幅为11.04%, 促进了蔗糖、果聚糖等在块根中的积累; 同时, 施用腐植酸还显著提高了块根中淀粉酶活性, α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶平均增幅分别为11.33%、15.70%, 促进了后期葡萄糖、果糖等在块根中的积累。在甘薯收获期, 块根可溶性总糖含量提高了15.49%、淀粉含量降低了3.56%。总之, 施用腐植酸能够增加块根中蔗糖的供应量、抑制可溶性糖向淀粉转化、促进淀粉水解, 这些是提高块根可溶性总糖含量的生理基础。 关键词: 甘薯; 腐植酸; 块根; 可溶性糖; 糖代谢酶

Physiological Basis of Improving Soluble Sugar Content in Sweetpotato for Table Use by Humic Acid Application

LIU Hong-Juan1, LI Zuo-Mei1, SHI Chun-Yu1,*, and ZHANG Li-Ming2,*

1

Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, China; 2 Shandong Academy of

Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China

Abstract: Soluble sugar content is a main index of edible quality in storage root of sweetpotato for table use. Previous research showed that soluble sugar content in storage organs of plants was increased significantly by application of humic acid (HA), but there have been little research on their physiological basis. The objective of this study was to clarify the physiological basis of soluble sugar content improvement in storage root of sweetpotato by using humic acid. The typical varieties of sweetpotato for table use (Beijing 553) was grown in a replicated experiment at agricultural experiment station of Shandong Agricultural Univer-sity in two summer growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. The treatments included the control and treatment applied HA. The changes of starch content, soluble sugar content and relative enzymes activity during root tuber development, and sucrose content and relative enzymes activity in functional leaves were determined by using periodic sampling during storage root development. The results showed that compared with the control, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity and sucrose content in functional leaves were increased significantly, with the average increase of 30.90% and 9.48% during whole growth period, while sucrose synthase (SS) activity in storage root was decreased significantly with the average declines by 11.04%, that could promote accu-mulation of sucrose and fructan in storage root in treatment of HA. Amylase activity in treatment of applying HA was increased significantly with the average increase of 11.33% and 15.70%, respectively for α-amylase and β-amylase activity, which enlarged the accumulation of fructose and glucose in storage root. At harvest, the soluble sugar content was increased by 15.49% and the starch content was decreased by 3.56%. The increase of sucrose content, the decrease of the inversion quantity from soluble sugar to starch and the hydrolysis enhancement of starch in storage root are the physiological basis of increasing soluble sugar of storage root.

Keywords: Sweetpotato; Humic acid; Storage root; Soluble sugar; Carbohydrate metabolic enzymes

本研究由山东省自然科学基金项目(Y2007D14)和国家甘薯产业技术体系北方薯区栽培岗位科学家资助。

*

通讯作者(Corresponding authors): 史春余, E-mail: scyu@http://doc.guandang.net, Tel: 0538-8246259; 张立明, E-mail: zhanglm11@http://doc.guandang.net

第一作者联系方式: E-mail: liumei0535@http://doc.guandang.net

Received(收稿日期): 2010-09-27; Accepted(接受日期): 2011-01-06.

腐植酸提高食用型甘薯块根可溶性糖含量的生理基础

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作 物 学 报 第37卷

根据块根的品质特点和用途, 甘薯品种可以分为淀粉型和食用(鲜食)型。食用型的品质特点是薯肉黄色、桔红色或红色等, 可溶性糖和胡萝卜素等含量较高, 蒸煮食味好, 具有良好的营养保健功能[1-3]。腐植酸作为一种有良好生物活性的天然有机高分子物质, 具有改善作物营养品质的作用[4-14]。因此, 研究腐植酸对食用型甘薯块根营养品质的调控效应, 具有理论和实践意义。已有研究表明, 与淀粉型品种比较, 食用型品种块根中可溶性糖含量较高是其蒸煮食味较好的原因之一[3,15-16]。而作物贮藏器官的可溶性糖含量与糖代谢有关。一般认为, 蔗糖是植株体内糖类运输的主要形式, 光合组织中合成蔗糖的主要途径是磷酸蔗糖合酶(SPS)-磷酸蔗糖磷酸化酶途径(SPP); 运输到贮藏器官中的蔗糖有两条水解途径, 一是由蔗糖酶催化水解成葡萄糖(G)和果糖(F), 二是由蔗糖合酶(SS)作用分解为果糖(F)和尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖(UDPG); 然后UDPG在尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UDPGppase)、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADPGppase)和淀粉合酶(SSS和GBSS)等作用下形成淀粉; 淀粉又可以在α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶的作用下分解为可溶性糖[17]。虽然多数研究者认为, 施用含腐植酸肥料可以提高作物贮藏器官的可溶性糖含量[4-12,14], 但其生理原因, 迄今了解尚少。本试验通过调查块根中可溶性糖含量及相关酶活性、地上部各器官蔗糖含量及相关酶活性的变化, 期望明确腐植酸提高甘薯块根可溶性糖含量的生理基础, 为腐植酸应用于优质农产品生产提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料与设计

2008—2009年在山东农业大学农学实验站(山东泰安)种植甘薯品种北京553。供试腐植酸(HA)来自山西霍州产的风化煤, 经实测, 风化煤含游离腐植酸35.76%、全氮0.73%、全磷0.025%、全钾0.058%。供试土壤质地为砂壤土, 含有机质13.70 g kg 1、碱解氮72.86 mg kg 1、速效磷21.62 mg kg 1、速效钾65.79 mg kg 1。

2007年进行腐植酸用量试验, 设置不施腐植酸(CK)和腐植酸不同用量共5个处理, 其中, 腐植酸用 …… 此处隐藏：16050字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……