牛津版牛津高中英语语法总结(5)

如：I love swimming in the sea during the summer.

3) 介词之后

如：I keep fit by swimming every day.

4）物主代词之后

如：Her swimming has improved since she started training every day.

注：如果所谈论的人比较明确，那么物主代词可以省略。

如：Thank you for coming.

5）组成复合名词

如：There is a shoe in the swimming pool.

2．以下动词后面接v-ing

Admit dislike imagine delay consider mind understand avoid enjoy practice miss finish keep suggest

3．以下常用词组后面接v-ing

Would you mind cannot help look forward to feel like cannot stand it is no use/good put off keep on

如：Would you mind helping me with my homework?

I cannot help wondering why she does not like me.

I look forward to seeing you at the party.

I don t feel like doing anything now.

She cannot stand seeing that boy.

I think it is no use crying about your exam results now.

I had to put off shopping for a while.

He kept on asking me for my phone number.

4．以下动词后面可以接v-ing或to do，意思上几乎没有区别。Continue prefer begin hate like start

5．一些动词后面既可以接v-ing，也可以接to do，但意义和用法上有区别。在使用时要确保形式的正确。如，forget regret remember mean try go on

forget+ to do (事情还没做)

如：He forgot to close the door when he left.

Forget+ doing (事情已经做了)

如：I ll never forget winning my first gold medal.

第二单元

一 V-ing 充当形容词或副词

1．v-ing可作：

1）定语

v-ing 可以放在名词前，像形容词一样修饰名词。

如：This will have a lasting effect.

有时候会把一个副词放在v-ing前。

如：That was an extremely interesting speech.

v-ing 可以和副词或名词构成复合词。

如：The fast-growing economy has caused environmental problems.

A wood-burning stove is environmentally friendly.

v-ing 可以放在名词后，像定语从句一样修饰名词，v-ing还可以被改成定语从句。 如：people running these factories are very concerned about the environment.=

People who run these factories are very concerned about the environment.

2）表语

如：This destruction is frightening.

宾语补足语

如：We all found his argument convincing and interesting.

2．v-ing可放在stand, sit, lie 的后面，表示动作同时发生。

如：They stood talking to each other.=They stood when they were talking to each other.

3．v-ing有完成时态，如，having worked

如：Having worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy environment and stable economy should be possible at the same time.

二V-ing 短语

v-ing短语可以单独使用，后面也可以接宾语或状语。

如：They sat there smiling.

They sat there smiling at each other.

1．v-ing短语可以表示：

1）时间

如：Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly. =When I ask around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.

Having observed the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time. = After he observed the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time.

2）原因

如：We are making bigger holes in the nets, hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown. = We are making bigger holes in the nets, because we hope to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.

3）结果

如：The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. = The factory keeps releasing smoke. As a result, the air is made dirty.

4)条件

如：Preparing fully, we can achieve great things. = If we prepare fully, we can achieve great things.

2．连词+v-ing 也可以来表示时间。常用的连词有：when whenever while once until 如：We have to take environmental protection into consideration when developing the economy.

3．v-ing 从句的逻辑主语通常和主句的主语一致。

如：He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise in a blanket. = When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.

4．否定形式是： not+v-ing

如：He sat there, not knowing what to say.

第三单元

一 V-ed形式

v-ed在句中可以充当形容词和副词的用法。

1．v-ed可以被用作：

1）定语

v-ed放在名词的前面，像形容词一样修饰名词。V-ed可以改成定语从句。

如：If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby.= if I had the chance, I would have a baby who is cloned.

大部分名词前的v-ed表达被动的含义。但有些v-ed 表达过去的含义，如，escaped retired fallen。比较下面的短语：

表被动：the highly praised scientist ( The scientist has been highly praised.)

表过去：the retired scientist (The scientist has retired.)

有时候可以把副词放在v-ed之前。

如：well-trained teachers

v-ed 可以和副词或名词连用构成复合词。

如：underdeveloped region handmade furniture

v-ed可以像定语从句一样放在名词后修饰名词。

如：I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting.= I think the

scientific advances that are mentioned in your article are interesting.

2）表语

如：My grandfather was delighted to hear I passed my exams.

3）宾语补足语

如：After the robbery, they found the front windows broken.

2．v-ed可以接在动词后面表示动作同时发生。如：stand sit lie

如：She lay trapped under the building for three days. (She lay there and was trapped.)

二 V-ed短语

v-ed短语可以是v-ed单独使用，也可以后面接宾语和/或状语。

如：She left the restaurant, disappointed.

She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.

1．表被动的v-ed短语可以表示：

1）时间

如：The scientist has copied a human cell, assisted by recent advances in medical science. = The scient …… 此处隐藏：3936字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……