生物专业英语翻译(蒋悟生第2版)(4)

absorption spectrum 吸收光谱，吸收谱

The spectrum obtained when radiation

C3 plant 三碳植物

(light, ultraviolet radiation, etc.) from a source

A plant in which the light-independent

giving a continuous spectrum is passed

reactions of photosynthesis start with a

through a substance.

Calvin-Benson cycle 卡尔文·本森循环

Cyclic reactions that are the "synthesis" part

C4 plant 四碳植物

of the light-independent reactions of

A plant such as corn in which the light

photosynthesis. In land plants, RUBP, or

independent reactions of photosynthesis star

some other compound to which carbon has

with a four-carbon compound.

been affixed, under goes rearrangements that

lead to formation of a sugar phosphate and to

regeneration of the RUBP. The cycle runs on ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions. carotenoid 类胡萝卜素 Light-sensitive, accessory pigments that transfer absorbed energy to chlorophylls. They absorb violet and blue wave-lengths but transmit red, orange, and yellow. chlorophyll 叶绿素 The green substance of plants by which photosynthesis is accomplished; it is usually localized in intracellular organelles called chloroplasts. cyclic photophosphorylation 环形光合磷酸化（作用） Cyclic photophosphorylation is coupled to cyclicelectron flow, in which ATP is the only product. threecarbon compound. Most plants are C3 plants.

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noncyclic photophosphorylation

非环形光合磷酸化作用

Noncyclic photophosphorylation is coupled

to noncyclic electron flow, the electrons being

used to reduce NADP+ as well as to make

ATP.

photon 光子

A particle that has zero mass or charge and

unit spin, the quantum of the electromagnetic

field and carrier of the electromagnetic force.

photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化作用

The synthesis of ATP from phosphate and

ADP during photosynthesis, using light

energy.

photorespiration 光呼吸

A light-dependent type of respiration that

occurs in most photosynthetic plants and

differs from normal (or dark) respiration.

photosynthesis 光合作用

The synthesis of organic compounds by

reduction of carbon dioxide using light energy

absorbed by chorophyll.

photosystem 光合系统

One of the clusters of light-trapping

pigments embedded in photosynthetic pathways. ribulose biphosphate (RUBP) 核酮糖二磷酸 A compound with a backbone of five carbon atoms that is required for carbon fixation in the Calvin-Benson cycle of photosynthesis. thylakoid 类囊体 One of a number of flattened fluid-filled sacs that form the photosynthetic lamellar system of chloroplasts, photosynthetic bacteria, and blue-green algae.

membranes. Photosystem I operates during the cyclic pathway; photosystem Ⅱ operates during both the cyclic and noncyclic

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Lesson Three（2学时）

Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis

教学目的：使学生掌握细胞的有丝分裂和无丝分裂的作用机理，有丝分裂和无丝分裂之间的区别和相同点。相关英语词汇以及主要用法。

教学重点：有丝分裂和无丝分裂中相关的概念和功能，及相关英语词汇的掌握 教学难点：专业英语词汇的记忆

讲授方法：以学生翻译为主，老师讲解相关专业知识辅助学生理解 授课时间：4月12日

教学内容：

The Nucleus and Chromosomes

The cell nucleus is the main repository of genetic information. Within the nucleus are the chromosomes tightly coiled strands of DNA and clusters of associated proteins. Long stretches of the continuous DNA molecule wind around these clusters of proteins, or histones, forming beadlike complexes known as nucleosomes. More coiling and supercoiling produces a dense chromosome structure. Each long strand of DNA combines with histones and nonhistone proteins to make up the substance chromatin.

细胞核是贮藏遗传信息的主要场所。DNA盘绕成螺旋线以及相关的成簇蛋白质。DNA螺旋线缠绕成簇的组蛋白形成珠链状的核小体。这些螺旋和超螺旋形成致密的染色体组结构。每个长链DNA与组蛋白和非组蛋白一起构成染色质物质。

A pictorial display of an organism's chromosomes in the coiled, condensed state is known as a karyotype. Karyotype reveal that in most cells all but sex chromosomes are present as two copies, referred to as homologous pairs. Non-sex chromosomes are called autosomes.

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Organisms whose cells contain two sets of parental chromosomes are called diploid; those with cells containing a single set of parental chromosomes are called haploid.

染色体致密的超螺旋状态我们称染色体组。除了性染色体外，大多数细胞的染色体组成对出现，称同源染色体对。非性染色体称常染色体。生物细胞含有两套父母本染色体的称二倍体；含有单套染色体的称单倍体。

The Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is a regular sequence in which the cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which then repeats the cycle. Such cycling in effect makes single-celled organisms immortal. Many cells in multicellular organisms, including animal muscle and nerve cells, either slow the cycle or break out of it altogether.

在细胞生长过程中，细胞循环遵循特定程序，分裂准备，分裂成2个子细胞，子细胞再循环。此循环使得单细胞永生。多细胞生物中的许多细胞，包括动物肌肉和神经细胞，要么降低循环速度，要么同时分裂。

The normal cell cycle consists of four phases. The first three include G1, the period of normal metabolism; S phase, during which normal synthesis of biological molecules continues, DNA is replicated, and histones are synthesized; and G2, a brief period of metabolism and additional growth. Together the G1, S, and G2 phases are called interphase. The fourth phase of the cell cycle is M phase, the period of mitosis, during which the replicated chromosomes condense and move and the cell divides. It is believed that properties of the cell cytoplasm …… 此处隐藏：4951字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……