研究生英语阅读教程(基础级2版)课文01及其翻译(4)

languages, was at first weak and disorganized. It was English that helped opposition gain strength and organization. Instead of being a language of oppression, English became for them the key language of freedom and unity.

4. What should we do to make the most of English while avoiding the curse it may bring?

5. Do you think that teaching English to speakers of other countries is an act of linguistic imperialism?

The influence of the US and Britain on the rest of the world, past and present, cannot be denied, and the teaching of English can never be entirely neutral. Language is never a neutral vehicle for communication; the context comes with it, like it or not. English is a double-edged sword, so to speak. There is an element of cultural imperialism, given that—even if one doesn’t teach culture, per se（本质上）—culture is still nonetheless encoded in language in a very real sense.

On the other hand, the student either needs, wants or is required to learn English, and therefore learning English has some perceived benefit for the student.

Furthermore the spread of English has brought about the extinction of many minority languages. The question of whether teaching ESL or EFL can be considered linguistic imperialism is controversial.

VOCABULARY ITEMS

1.sizable: adj. fairly(very) large相当大的

2. virtually: adv. almost but not quite; nearly几乎，差不多; virture; virtual: a. ideal

3. constitute: v. to amount to; equal形成，等同于; constitution: n.

4. aggrandis(z)ment: n. increase in power or importance 扩张，增加, expansion; grand: great

5. predominantly: adv. mostly or mainly卓越地，支配地，主要地president, dominate(v)

6. default: n. failure to do sth.疏忽, default value.

7. hegemonic: adj. of the predominant influence of one nation over others 霸权的; gene; gen-; generator

8. benign: adj. tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable有利的

9. dispassionately: adv. calmly; reasonably平心静气地，不带偏见地

10. verdict: n. decision or opinion given after testing or examining判断，裁决, verify; dictionary

11. straightforward: adj. plain; clear明确的，清清楚楚的,

12. aboriginal: adj. of races of people belonging to a region from the earliest times土著的, a man of humble origin;

13. adversely: adv. unfavorably不利地

研究生英语阅读教程(基础级2版)课文及翻译

14. indigenous: adj. native; originating in an area本土的，土生土长

15. endanger: v. to cause to be in a dangerous situation危害

endangered: adj. in danger of being damaged or destroyed濒于灭绝的

16. apparatus: n. structure or method of operation组织，机构

17. descent: n. hereditary derivation血统，遗传, ascend<->descend (v)

18. apartheid: adj. racial separateness种族隔离; discriminate; take the machine apart

19. regime: n. system of government or rule政权

20. vernacular: adj. native; commonly spoken by the members of a country or region本国语的，方言的

21. invoke: v. to make a particular idea, image, or feeling appear in people's minds引起, 造成;

22. point up to: emphasize强调, stress; point out

23. take in: to include包括

24. for good or (for) ill: whether the effect of a situation is good or harmful无论好坏

25. by and large: on the whole, generally总的来说，大体上; (be) at large.

26. die out: to become extinct死光，绝种

27. lay (put) sth at the door of...: to blame (sb. or sth.) for sth 归咎于…

28. leave aside: put aside, to make no discussion of a subject不谈论，把话题搁置一边, put away; ask for leave; put away

29. crystal clear: absolutely clear非常清楚的，显而易见的, obvious, apparent

NOTES

1. Cumbric: an ancient, long-extinct Celtic language of Northern England; Briton

2. Cornish: the Celtic language of Cornwall (a region of extreme southwest England), extinct since 1800, Anglosaxon

3. Norn: an extinct Norse dialect, spoken until early modern times in the Shetland and Orkney Islands and in parts of northern Scotland

4. Manx: the Gaelic language formerly spoken on the Isle of Man in England

5.Celtic languages: a subfamily of the Indo-European language family comprising the Britonic (including Welsh, Breton, Cumbrian, and Cornish) and the Goidelic (including Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic, and Manx) branches.

6. Anglophone: English-speaking

7. Sanskrit: (from samskrta "adorned, cultivated, perfected") the classical sacred and literary language of the Hindus of India

8. Nullarbor Plains: a region of south-central Australia south of the Great Victoria Desert and north of the Great Australian Bight. It is the site of a major rocket research center.

9. terra nullius: Terra nullius is a Latin expression meaning "empty land" or "no man's land" . The term refers to a 17th-century legal concept that permitted European colonial powers to assume control of land that was unclaimed. England relied on this principle to claim possession of the Australian continent.

10. pidgin English: English that is mixed with the words or grammar of another language

11. Coptic: an Afro-Asiatic language descended from ancient Egyptian, extinct as an everyday form of speech but surviving in the literature of the Coptic Church, sino-

12. Berber: a group of closely related languages spoken in North Africa

13. Zulu: a language of considerable literary importance in southeastern Africa

研究生英语阅读教程(基础级2版)课文及翻译

14. Ndebele: a language sometimes considered a dialect of Zulu.

15. Setswana: a dialect spoken by the Tswana people in Botswana

16. lingua franca: a language used between people whose main languages are different

17. yin and yang: two basic contrary forces in ancient Chinese thought "阴" 和"阳".

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