现在分词用法与练习

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现在分词用法与练习

一、现在分词的各种形式及意义

1．作定语

单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。

The swimming boy is my elder brother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。

Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise．告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。

2．作表语

现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。

The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来很有趣。

The news was disappointing．这个消息令人失望。

【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows．（=Cleaning the windows is your task．）你的任务是擦窗户。

3．作补足语

(1) 现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at，listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car．

我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。

(2) 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。

She was heard singing an English song yesterday．昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。

A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。

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（3）with +宾语+v-ing

With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.

4．作状语

现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。

(1) 表示时间。现在分词表时间时，相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。

① Be careful when crossing the road．（=Be careful when you are crossing the road.） 过马路时小心点。

② Having turned off the TV, he began to do his homework．关掉电视后，他开始做家庭作业。

（=After he had turned off the TV．he began to do his homework．）

(2) 表示原因

① Being so excited, she couldn t go to sleep．(=Because she was so excited, she couldn t

go to sleep.) 因为她太兴奋了，所以睡不着。

② Not having received his reply，she decided to make a call to him．（=Because she

hadn t received his reply, she decided to make a call to him．因为没有收到他的回信，她决定给他打个电话。

(3) 表示方式或伴随，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。

① The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand． (=The teacher

came into the classroom and held a book in his hand.) 老师手拿一本书走进教室。 ② He came running into the room. (=He came and ran into the room)他跑进屋来。

(4) 表示结果，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。这类状语常放在句子的后半部分，分词前往往有副词thus, thereby(因此)或only，并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开，常可译为“于是，所以，因而”等。这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子。逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句。 ① The car was held up by the storm，causing the delay. (=The car was held up by the

storm and caused the delay.) 汽车被暴风雨所阻挡，因而耽搁了。

② The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.

(=The old scientist died all of a sudden, and left the project unfinished.)

那位老科学突然去世，留下未尽的事业。

③ He turned off the lamp, (thereby) seeing nothing.

(=He turned off the lamp, thereby he saw nothing.) 他熄了灯，什么也看不见了。 ④ A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, thus resulting in an

increase in production. (=A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, which resulted in an increase in production.) 大量的新机器被从国外引入，导致生产增加。

(5 ) 表示条件，常相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

Working hard, you ll succeed. (=If you work hard，you ll succeed.) 努力工作，你就会成功。

(6) 表示让步，常相当于一个though等引导的让步状语从句。

Though feeling tired, Billy he didn t stop working.(=Though Billy felt tired, he didn t stop working. 尽管觉得很累，但比利并没有停止他的工作。

提示：如果现在分词作时间，条件或者让步状语时，前面可以直接加相应的连词，如when,while,unless,if ,though。

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Be careful when crossing the road．

Though feeling tired, Billy he didn t stop working

三、分词的否定式

分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前，遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式，否定词应置于整个结构之前。

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait．不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。 Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn t dare to go to school．

小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

四、独立成分作状语

有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking总的来说；judging from / by根据 判断；speaking of说到 ； talking of谈到 ；frankly speaking坦率地说；allowing for考虑到。

① Judging by his face, he was angry．从他的脸色上看，他很生气。

② The project will take about 8 months, allowing for delays caused by the rainy season. 考虑到雨季的耽误，这项工程大约需要8个月。

③ Frankly speaking，the car is not worth buying. 坦率地说，这部车不值得买。

五．基础练习题

1.He sat there ______ a novel.

A. read B. reading C. reads D. had read

2. Don t wake up the______ child.

A. sleep B. slept C. sleeping D. sleepy

3.A proverb goes: A ___ stone gathers no moss .

A. roll B. rolling C. rolled D. rolls

4.The heavy rain kept us _____ for two hours.

A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. to wait

5. We found the baby ____ on the floor.

A. slept B. sleep C. asleep D. sleeping

6.Jack saw a woman ______ near the dog , so he walked up to her.

A. stood B. stands C. to stand D. standing

7._____ our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream.

A. To carry B. Carrying C. Carried D. Carry

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