HOW TO BE A GOOD GRADUATE STUDENT

研究生英文(第二版)曾建彬主编,复旦大学出版社,Unit Two Education Text How To Be A Good Graduate Student

How to Be a Good Graduate Student

1．why go to graduate school at all?The usual reasons given are that a Ph.D.is required or preferred for some jobs,especially research and academic positions;that it gives you a chance to learn a great deal about a specific area;and that it provides an opportunity to develop ideas and perform original research.Wanting to delay your job hunt is probably not a good enough reason.Over the past decade,research and academic positions have become more difficult to find,and many recent Ph.D.s end up“killing time”in a series of postdoctoral positions,or taking non-research job.Having a Ph.D.is not a guarantee of finding a better job in and of itself!In addition,graduate school is a lot of work and requires strong motivation and focus.You have to really want to be there to make it through.

①究竟为什么要读研呢？人们给出的一些常见的理由是有些工作要求或青睐博士学位，尤其是研究或学术类的职位；读研使你有机会深入学习某个领域；为你提供一个开发思想以及从事独创研究的机会。希望通过读研延迟找工作或许不是一个足够好的理由。在过去十年间，研究或学术类的职位变得更难找了，现在的博士们最终都从事了一系列消磨时间的博士后工作，或者非研究类工作。拥有一个博士学位本身已经不在是找到好工作的保障了。另外，读研需要投入大量的精力，并且需要强大的动力和明确的方向。你必须发自内心地想读才能够完成学业。

2．It helps to have a good idea of what area you want to specialize in,and preferably a couple of particular research projects you might like to work on,although mang research students change their minds about research projects and even specialization field after they start school.Look for books and current journals and conference proceedings in your area,and read through them to get an idea of who's doing what where.(You'll be doing a LOT of reading once you start graduate school,so you might as well get used to it.)This is where advisors first enter the scene:faculty members ought to be willing to talk to undergraduates and help them find out more about research areas and graduate schools.Try to get involved in research:ask professors and TAs whether they need someone to work on an ongoing project,or start an independent research project,with guidance from a faculty member.

②对自己打算研究的领域有所了解会有帮助，有几项你特别愿意从事的研究项目会更有帮助，尽管许多研究生在开始学业后改变了他们对研究项目甚至专业领域的看法。查阅本研究领域的专著、期刊、会议论文集，了解专业领域的最新研究动态。（一旦开始读研，你将会进行大量的阅读,因此你不妨习惯这一点）。这是指导老师最先介入的环节：教师应该乐于和本科生讨论，帮助他们了解更多的研究领域和研究生院校。尽量参与一些研究：询问教授和助教他们正在进行的项目是否需要助手，或者在一位老师的指导下开展一个独立的研究项目。

3．For many new graduate students,graduate school is unlike anything else they’ve done.Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly what it is you’re suposed to be learning.Yes,you have to complete a dissertation,but how do you start?What should you spend your time doing?

③对于许多新研究生来说，研究生院与他们所做的任何事情都不同。有时很难知道到底

研究生英文(第二版)曾建彬主编,复旦大学出版社,Unit Two Education Text How To Be A Good Graduate Student

什么是你应该去学习的。是的，你必须完成一个论文但是你怎么开始呢？你应该把你的时间花在做什么？

4．Graduate school is a very unstructured environment in most cases.Graduate students typically take fewer hours of coursework per semester than undergraduate students,especially after the second year.For many,the third year--after coursework is largely finished and preliminary exams have been completed--is a very difficult and stressful period.This is when you're supposed to find a thesis topic,if you're not one of the lucky few who has already found one.Once you do find a topic,you can expect two or more years until completion,with very few landmarks or milestones in sight.

④在大多数情形下，研究生院的环境十分松散。典型的是研究生每学期选修的学时一般比本科生少，进入研二的学习更是这样。对许多研究生来说，大部分学时和初步的考核完成以后的研三是一个辛苦而充满压力的时期。此时，你若不是为数不多的已经确定论题的幸运儿之一，你就应该为论文确定题目。一旦你确定好论题，你要做好心理准备，在论文完成前的两年乃至更长的时间内，你几乎看不见什么突破性的路标或里程碑。

5．Being a good resear cher involves more than“merely”coming up with brilliant ideas and implementing them.Most researchers spend the majority of their time reading papers,discussing ideas with colleagues,writing and revising papers,staring blankly into space--and,of course,having brilliant ideas and implementing them.

⑤要成为一个好的研究者，仅仅提出新颖的想法并付诸实现还是不够的。大多数研究者花费大量的时间阅读论文、与同事讨论想法、进行论文的写作和修改工作、发呆，当然你还需要新颖的想法并付诸实现。

6．Keeping a journal of your research activities and ideas is very useful.Write down speculations,interesting problems,possible solutions,random ideas,references to look up,notes on papers you've read,outlines of papers to write,and interesting quotes.Read back through it periodically.You'll notice that the bits of random thoughts start to come together and form a pattern,often turning into a research project or even a thesis topic.I was surprised,looking back through my journal as I was finishing up my thesis,how early and often similar ideas had cropped up in my thinking,and how they gradually evolved into a dissertation.

⑥用日记记录与研究有关的活动和想法将非常有用。记录你的猜想、有兴趣的问题、可能的解答、零散的想法、需要查阅的参考文献、已阅读的论文的摘记，拟写的论文的提纲以及感兴趣的引文并定期地翻看。你会发现一些零碎的思想碎片聚集在一起形成一个整体之后，经常会成为研究的项目甚至是学位论文的专题。我很惊讶，当我完成论文的时候，回过头来看我的日记，我的思维中出现了多么早的、类似的想法，以及它们是如何逐渐演变成一篇论文的。

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