翻译沃森和克里克于1953年发表在《科学杂志》关于DNA双螺旋模型

分子生物学作业：翻译沃森和克里克于1953年发表在《科学杂志》上的关于DNA双螺旋模型的论文

分子生物学作业：翻译沃森和克里克于1953年发表在《科学杂志》上的关于DNA双螺旋模型的论文

Nature

科学杂志

Equipment,and to Dr. G. E. R. Deacon and the captain and officers of R.R.S.Discovery II for their part,in making the observations.

Molecular structure of nucleic acids

核酸分子结构

A structure for Deoxyribose nucleic acid

脱氧核糖核酸的结构

We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A). This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest.

我们希望去提出一种结构是刺激性的脱氧核糖核酸即DNA。这个结构有一些新的特征对于生物学有很多重要的意义。

A structure for nucleic acid has already been proposed by Pauling and Corey2.

鲍林和科瑞提出了核酸的结构。

they kindly made their manuscript available to us in advance of publication.

在他们出版前，他们爽快的将对他们有用的手稿给我们。

Their model consists of three intertwined chains,with the phosphates near the fibre axis,and the bases on the outside.

他们提出的模型由三个缠绕的链组成，以磷酸盐靠近纤维轴线并且盘绕在外部。 In our opinion,this structure is unsatisfactory for two reasons:

以我们的观点，这个架构是不满意的两个原因

(1)We believe that the material which gives the X-ray diagrams is the salt,not the free acid,without the acidic hydrogen atoms it is not clear what forces would hold the structure together,especially as the negatively charged phosphates near the axis will repel each other.(2)some of the wan der waals distances appear to be too small.

（1）我们相信这种材料在X射线钠盐环境下，不是游离的酸，没有酸性氢原子，不清楚是什么力量将它们的结构结合在一起，尤其是靠近轴的负的带负电的磷酸盐互相排斥的现象。

（2）一些范德华力距离很小。

Another three-chain structure has also been suggested by Frase (in the press).IN his model the phosphates are on the outside and the bases on the inside ,linked together by hydrogen bonds. This structure as described is rather ill-defined,and for this reason we shall not comment on it.

另一个三条链结构被费斯提出并即将出版。在他的提出的模型中磷酸盐在外部的与在内部的通过氧氢键共同连接组成。这个机构也被描述为有些不明确，因为这个原因我们没有对它提出意见。

We wish to put forward a radically different structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid.This structure has two helical chains each coiled round the same axis(see diagram).

我们希望提出了一个结构与脱氧核糖核酸结构本质不同的结构。这个结构有两个螺旋形的链每一个盘绕着相同的轴（看图表）

分子生物学作业：翻译沃森和克里克于1953年发表在《科学杂志》上的关于DNA双螺旋模型的论文

We have made the usual chemical ly,that each chain consists of phosphate diester groups joining β-D-depxuronpfirampse resodies wotj 3',5'linkages.

我们做出了不同寻常的化学设想，换句话说也就是每一条链由β-D脱氧呋喃核糖的3',5'磷酸二脂键和碱基形成。

The two chains(but not their bases)are related by a dyad perpendicular to the fibre axis. 这两条链（不是它们的碱基）是与它们有关联的一对垂直相交的纤维轴线。

Both chains follow righthanded helices,but owing to the dyad the sequences of the atoms in the two chains run in opposite directions.

两条链根据右手螺旋，但是应该归功于一对原子序列两条相反方向的链。

Each chain loosely resembles Furberg's2 model No.1; that is , the bases are on the inside of the helix and the phosphates on the outside.

每一条链大体上类似于富尔贝里提出的第一模型，也就是说，碱基螺旋在内部磷酸盐在外部 The configuration of the sugar and the atoms near it is close to Furberg's standard configuration',the sugar being roughly perpendicular to the attached base .

糖的结构和靠近的原子与富尔贝里提出的模型标准结构相类似，糖大体上粗糙的垂直于附着的碱基上。

There is a residue on each chain every 3-4 A.in the z-direction .

每一条链残留这3—4A在Z形方向上。

We have assumed an angle of 36º between adjacent residues in the same chain,

我们假定同一条链中相邻核苷酸之间呈36度角。

so that the structure repeats after 10 residues on each chain,that is .after 34 A.The distance of a phosphorus atom from the fibre axis is 10 A. As the phosphates are on the outside,cations have easy access to them.

因此这个结构重复每条链上10个核苷酸，之后是34A。距离是磷酸原子从纤维轴的10倍。作为磷酸在外面，阳离子很容易接触到它们。

The structure is an open none,and its water content is rather high. At lower water contents we would expect the bases to tilt so that the structure could become more compact.

这是一个不很开放的结构，它的含水量很高。在低一点的含水量中我们希望碱基去倾斜以至于可以使这个结构能够更紧凑。

The novel feature of the structure is the manner in which the two chains are held together by the purine an pyrimidine bases. The planes of the bases are perpendicular to the fibre axis.

这新奇的结构特征是一种两条链通过嘌呤和嘧啶连接的碱基结合而成的。其中碱基垂直于纤维轴。

They are joined together in pairs,a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single base from the other chain,so that the two lie side by side with identical z-co-ordinates.One of the pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine for bonding to occur. The hydrogen bonds are made as follows:purine position 1 to pyrimidine position 1 ; purine position 6 to pyrimidine position 6.

它们是成对出现的，一部分碱基在一条链中被氧化结合与另一个链上的碱基，两条链肩并肩联系在一起。其中之一必须是嘌呤另一个结合嘧啶才能发生一系列反映。这个氧化结合是：嘌呤位置1与嘧啶位置1；嘌呤位置6与嘧啶位置6

If it is assumed that the bases only occur in the structure in the most plausible tautomeric forms (that is ,with the keto rather than the enol configurations) it is found that only specific pairs of bases can bond together. These pairs are: adenine(purine)with thymine (pyrimidine), and

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