中微期末试题及参考答案(2)
Suppose firm 1 can commit to a certain level of output in advance. Calculate the new equilibrium .
答案:
The reaction function of the three agents are:
By
symmetry,
. The combined profits from firm 2 and 3 are less than before
since
. If
, the profit would
be 900 which is larger than the premerge profits of 675.
If firm 1 can commit to an amount in advance, the best response functions of
and
is to
produce
u
FOC.
.
Find all the Nash equilibria in the following game. (Don’t forget the mixed strategy equilibrium).
L M R A 1,04,11,0B 2,13,20,1C 3,‐12,02,2
答案:
For player 2 play M strictly dominates playing L. As a retional player, player will never play L. Konwing that player 2 is rational, player will never play B since A dominates B in the remaining game. Then we are left with the following game:
AC
M 4,12,0
R 1,02,2
In this reduced game,
the pure nash equilibrium are obvious:
(A,M) and (C,R). Now, let’s look at the mixed equilibrium. Let
an
satisfy are
, and
fo
for player 2. Then the conditions that these probilities have to
And the pure strategy NE are
an
劳动力。采用任何一种生产方式,农民王贵的农场均可最多生产10桶蜂蜜。 相邻的农场属于李武,生产苹果。如果农场里有蜜蜂施粉(如果王贵的农场中有蜜蜂,这些蜜蜂一定会给李武的施粉;李武的农场不购买培养蜜蜂),生产苹果可以采用更少的劳力。具体的,在生产每箱苹果的过程中,5单位蜜蜂可以替代1单位劳动力。李武的农场最多可以生产10箱苹果。
假定市场的劳动力工资w=1,蜜蜂的单位价格pb=1,枫叶糖浆的单位价格pm=1。 如果王贵和李武均试图利用最小成本按最大产量单独生产,最终的生产结果是否达到社会最优?李武是否愿意给钱给王贵,让王贵利用蜜蜂生产(采用第二种生产方式生产)? 如果两个农场属于同一个人,社会生产效率会怎样变化(请从社会最优的角度来考虑)? 为了达到社会最优,政府应当如何采用征税或补贴手段?(20’)
On farmer Wang Gui’ farm, only honey is produced. There are two ways to make honey: with and without bees. A bucket full of artificial honey, absolutely indistinguishable from the real thing, is made out of 1 gallon of maple syrup with 1 unit of labor. If the same honey is made by the old‐fashioned way (with bees), 2 total units of labor are required (including bee‐keeping) and 2 bees per bucket. Either way, farmer Wang Gui has the capacity to produce up to 10 buckets of honey on his farm.
The neighboring farm, belonging to Li Wu, produces apples. If bees are present, less labor is needed because bees pollinate the blossoms instead of workers doing it. For this reason, 5 bees replace one worker in the task of pollinating when one box of apples is produced. Up to 10 boxes of apples can be grown on Li Wu’s farm.
Suppose that the market wage rate w=1, bees cost pb=1 per bee, and maple surup costs pm=1 per gallon.
(1)If each farmer produces her maximal output at the cheapest cost to her (assume the output prices they face make maximal production efficient), is the resulting outcome socially efficient? Would Li Wu be willing to bribe Wang Gui to produce honey with bees?
(2)What would happen to efficiency if both farms belong to the same owner?
(3)How would the …… 此处隐藏:1208字,全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……
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