计算机网络报告模板(2)

Speech understanding programs sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the U.S. has focused on this problem of natural speech interface.. Speech recognition efforts have focused on a database of continuous speech recognition (CSR), large-vocabulary speech which is designed to be representative of the naval

resource management task. Significant advances in the state-of-the-art in CSR have been achieved, and current efforts are focused on integrating speech recognition and natural language processing to allow spoken language interaction with a naval resource

management system.

Training air traffic controllers

Training for military (or civilian) air traffic controllers (ATC) represents an excellent

application for speech recognition systems. Many ATC training systems currently require a person to act as a "pseudo-pilot", engaging in a voice dialog with the trainee controller, which simulates the dialog which the controller would have to conduct with pilots in a real ATC situation. Speech recognition and synthesis techniques offer the potential to eliminate the need for a person to act as pseudo-pilot, thus reducing training and support personnel. Air controller tasks are also characterized by highly structured speech as the primary output of the controller, hence reducing the difficulty of the speech recognition task.

The U.S. Naval Training Equipment Center has sponsored a number of developments of prototype ATC trainers using speech recognition. Generally, the recognition accuracy falls short of providing graceful interaction between the trainee and the system. However, the prototype training systems have demonstrated a significant potential for voice interaction in these systems, and in other training applications. The U.S. Navy has sponsored a

large-scale effort in ATC training systems, where a commercial speech recognition unit was integrated with a complex training system including displays and scenario creation. Although the recognizer was constrained in vocabulary, one of the goals of the training programs was to teach the controllers to speak in a constrained language, using specific vocabulary specifically designed for the ATC task. Research in France has focused on the application of speech recognition in ATC training systems, directed at issues both in speech recognition and in application of task-domain grammar constraints.

The USAF, USMC, US Army, and FAA are currently using ATC simulators with speech recognition from a number of different vendors, including UFA, Inc. , and Adacel Systems Inc (ASI). This software uses speech recognition and synthetic speech to enable the trainee to control aircraft and ground vehicles in the simulation without the need for pseudo pilots.

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计算机网络报告模板

Another approach to ATC simulation with speech recognition has been created by Supremis. The Supremis system is not constrained by rigid grammars imposed by the underlying limitations of other recognition strategies.

Telephony and other domains

ASR in the field of telephony is now commonplace and in the field of computer gaming and simulation is becoming more widespread. Despite the high level of integration with word processing in general personal computing, however, ASR in the field of document production has not seen the expected increases in use.

The improvement of mobile processor speeds made feasible the speech-enabled Symbian and Windows Mobile Smartphones. Current speech-to-text programs are too large and

require too much CPU power to be practical for the Pocket PC. Speech is used mostly as a part of User Interface, for creating pre-defined or custom speech commands. Leading software vendors in this field are: Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft Voice Command); Nuance Communications (Nuance Voice Control); Vito Technology (VITO Voice2Go); Speereo Software (Speereo Voice Translator). MyCaption for BlackBerry .

People with Disabilities

People with disabilities are another part of the population that benefit from using speech recognition programs. It is especially useful for people who have difficulty with or are unable to use their hands, from mild repetitive stress injuries to involved disabilities that require alternative input for support with accessing the computer. In fact, people who used the keyboard a lot and developed became an urgent early market for speech

recognition. Speech recognition is used in , such as voice-to-text voicemail, , and . Individuals with learning disabilities who have problems with thought to paper communication (essentially they think of an idea but it is processed incorrectly causing it to end up differently on paper) can benefit from the software as it helps to overlap that weakness.

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计算机网络报告模板

语音识别

发展历史

商业应用的语音识别在美国是保健和medical transcriptionist等最显著的领域之一 。据业界专家称，在其成立以来，语音识别（简称SR）是为了彻底消除转录，而不是使转录过程更有效率，因此是不能接受的。也有人认为，SR在那个时候往往是在技术上缺乏。此外，为了有效地加以利用，它需要改变工作方式和记录医师临床实践，其中甚至有许多不是所有的人愿意做的事。然而，语音识别自动化转录，被看作是该软件最大的限制。记叙一件事的本质是在听写时非常需要解释和判断，这需要一个真正的人，而不是通过自动化系统。另一个限制是用户和或系统供应商，培训软件所需的时间普遍的比较长。

ASR之间的区分往往是特定领域的“人工语法系统”和特定于语言的“自然语言处理”。所有这些类型的应用都有自己的特定目标和挑战。

应用

卫生保健

在卫生保健领域，即使语音识别技术不断改进，medical transcriptionists

（ MTS ）还是不会过时。许多该领域的专家预测，随着语音识别技术的广泛使用，MTS提供的服务可能会重新分配，而不是取代。语音识别可以在医疗文件的进程前端或后端实施。

SR的前端是要求供应商装入语音识别引擎，在他们说完话后正确显示出来，使用者负责编辑，并签署了有关文件。它 …… 此处隐藏：4844字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……