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文献出处：

Sharpley, Richard. "The research on sustainable development of tourism" [J]Journal of Sustainable tourism 2013，8（01）： 9-21

原文

The research on sustainable development of tourism

Sharpley, Richard

Abstract

Sustainable development of the ecological environment is closely related to the social and economic development. A good ecological environment is the foundation for survival of the human beings and development, and the objective environment for development of tourism. At present, development of the tourist resources in all places catches equal importance to the economic, social and environmental benefits. With the rapid economic development of our country, however, its conflict against the ecological environment gets aggravated and in some areas, the ecological environment even continues to deteriorate. For many years, tourism has been regarded as the "smoke-free industry". But the negative effect upon the tourist places due to development of tourism has been an indisputable fact. Vigorous advocation of the Central Committee for building a conservation-minded society and developing the cyclic economy symbolizes that China's strategy of sustainable development has ushered in a new stage and sustainable development of the tourist places will surely become an important issue.

Travel agencies (tourist team-forming agency) are tourist enterprises comparatively far from the tourist places but most closely linked in economy and information. They exert broad and profound influences directly or indirectly on the tourist places. The influences may be active, including efforts taken to organize the

nation-wide ecological tourist activities to attract and guide the market environment of the source visitors, and promote the sustainable development of the tourist places. The influences may be negative, too, if the design of the short-term tourist lines or unhealthy tourist activities to attract large numbers of tourists, which can produce negative effects on the tourist places. This thesis proceeds from the day-to-day businesses of travel agencies to the probe of its active role in sustainable development of the tourist spots and means of controlling the negative influences.

Keywords : tourism area, sustainable development, protection of the environment

1 Introduction

Sustainable development of tourism is a global issue within the tourist circle today. The sustainable development of tourism has been proposed and accepted quickly and widely in time of the rapid expansion and prosperity of the tourist industry when crisis starts to be exposed. People have discovered many new issues, for example, "depletion of tourist resources appears" along the shores of Mediterranean Sea in Europe. Only in such cases can people come to know that adherence to sustainable development is the workable principle for developing tourism. The sustainable development of the tourist places has been regarded as a theory to maintain and enhance the future development opportunity and satisfy the various demands of the present tourists and residents in the tourist spots. Its essence is to integrate tourism with the nature, cultures and the living environment of us human beings, coordinate with and balance the mutual relationships and unify the objectives of economic development with those of social development on a global scale. With the rapid development of tourism, tourists have not only created substantial economic returns for the tourist places but also aggravated the negative effects. How to coordinate the relations between tourist spots and the tourists, strengthen the technical management of the tourists by the tourist departments and try every way to reduce and control the tourists' negative effects upon the tourist places has already become a issue

which cannot be ignored. Tourists are both the livelihood and service objects of the tourist places. In order to receive a certain quantity of tourists to achieve the economic objectives, develop, protect and publicize the protection of the tourist spots, the tourist places provide the tourists with tourist experiences, accommodation, catering, entertainment and other consumptions in return for economic benefits and economic inflows. But their capacity of self maintenance and self development has been weakened. Tourist spots serve as the media for tourists to experience the tourist targets and satisfy their own physical and spiritual requirements. It is in the tourist atmospheres that the tourists obtain the physical and spiritual pleasure through understanding, appreciation of and participation in various landscapes. Sometimes, there may be opposition between the tourist places and the tourists.

2 Influences from the Travel Agencies' Businesses upon the Environment of Tourist places

Businesses of the travel agencies exert both active and negative effects on the environment of the tourist places and the specific results vary with the related main bodies and interrelations concerning sustainable development of the tourist places.

2. 1 Active Effects

Travel agencies' design of the tourist lines plays a pivotal role in stimulating the economic development of the tourist spots. At the same time, development of the tourist industry can increase the employment and solve the issue related to the surplus laborers. In countries of developed tourism, employment for tourism accounts for 7%~10% of that for the whole country, and in our country, there are more and more people employed into the tourist industry. Tourism can provide job vacancies for more people, especially the non-professional people. Therefore, it plays a special role in development of economy and stability of the society.

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