宾语从句讲解与练习

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宾语从句讲解

宾语从句是用作宾语的从句，它也是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句。在学习宾语从句时， 必须注意以下五个方面的问题：

一、 注意正确使用引导词

1． 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，用that来引导从句，其中的that无具体意义，一般可以省略。如：

I hear (that) she's going to give me a call.

Li Tao thought (that) the TV play was interesting.

2． 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时， 可用if 或whether 来引导从句，意为"是否"。如：

David asked her if/whether she slept well last night.

3． 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时，用连接代词who/whose/what/which 或连接副词when/where /why/how 来引导。如：

Do you know where we can stay on the island?

I don't know why Jane was late for school this morning.

二、 注意正确使用语序

在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句都要使用陈述语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其它，还要注意原来的助动词或情态动词要符合相关的时态。如：

When did the train leave? I want to know. →I want to know when the train left.

Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know?→Do you know if/whether the shop closes at six every day?

三、注意正确使用时态

1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的时态则根据具体情况或具体意义来确定。如：

① I don't know when he came back.

② Do you know where they will go this summer holiday?

③He is worried about whether he has passed the English exam.

④ Please tell us what we should do next, OK?

⑤ Will you please tell me how I can get to the post office?

2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则相应地使用一般过去时/过去将来时/过去完成时/过去进行时等。如：

① He said that he didn't find your lost pen.

② My parents told me that they would go to Beijing.

③ The policeman asked him what he was doing at midnight yesterday.

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④ I told you yesterday that I had returned your book. Why do you ask for it again?

3.如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观真理、自然现象、名言警句或谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用原时态。如：

① Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. ② When I was young, my father often told me that knowledge is power (力量).

四、 注意否定提前

当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose 等动词时，且主语为第一人称，从句的否定提前。如：

I don't believe he is a doctor, is he?

五、 注意复合结构

在 find, make, think 等一些可带有复合宾语的动词后，为保持句子平衡，常将实际宾语（主要是that 引导的从句）后置，而使用形式宾语it。如：

I think it important that we should learn English well.

whether & if

whether 与if 都是在宾语从句（从句为一般疑问句）中使用,一般译为"是否"。如：

He asked if/whether they needed some help. 他问他们是否需要帮忙。 但if通常用于口语中，whether则多用于书面语。那现在讲讲他们的特殊用法：

A. 与or not 连用时只能用whether。如：

I'll be happy whether or not I get the job. 不管我能不能得到那份工作我都一样高兴。

I wonder whether I'll catch the last bus (or not ). 我想知道是否能赶上末班的公共汽车。

Whether it rains or not, I'm going to Beijing tomorrow. 无论是否下雨，我明天一定要去北京。

B. whether引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。如：

Whether he is right or wrong is still a question. 他是对是错仍是一个问题。

What we want to know is whether his answer is right. 我想知道的是他的答案是否正确。

The question whether the manager should resign must be decided soon. 经理应不应该辞职的问题应迅速决定。

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C. whether能与不定式连用。如：

I don't know whether to accept or refuse. 我不知道应接受还是拒绝。 I haven't decided whether to go or not. 我还没决定去还是不去。

D. whether能引导介词后的宾语从句。如：

I'm thinking about whether I should go swimming. 我正在思考我是否应该去游泳。

It depends on whether he can come here in time. 这取决于他是否能及时来这儿。

E. 在动词discuss之后只能用whether。如：

We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论了是否应该把店铺关掉。

F． 引导否定的宾语从句，一般用if，不用whether。如：

He asks me if I didn't finish my homework. 他问我是不是没完成家庭作业。

宾语从句的简化

英语中含宾语从句的复合句可转化为简单句, 意思不变。 下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的用法：

一． 改为不定式

1. 改为"V+不定式短语"。当主语谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide, promise (许诺)等动词时，且主句和从句的主语相同， 可进行这种转换。它们既可接宾语从句， 又可接动词不定式短语。例如：

He hopes that he will be back very soon. → He hopes to be back very soon. 他希望能很快回来。

2． 改为"疑问词 + 不定式"结构。

当主句谓语动词是ask, tell, forget, remember 等动词时， 宾语从句可转化成"疑问词 + 不定式"结构。 例如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station? → Could you tell me how to get to the station? 你能告诉我到车站怎么走吗？

She has forgotten how she can open the door. → She has forgotten how to open the door. 他已经忘记如何打开那扇门了。

3． 改为"it + 形容词 + 不定式短语"。例如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well. → I found it difficult to learn English well. 我发现学好英语是困难的。

二． 改为"宾语 + V-ing 形式（作宾补）"。例如：

The girl found that there was a watch lying on the ground. → The girl found a watch lying on the ground. 那姑娘发现地上有块手表。

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三. 改为名词或名词短语。 例如：

I'll take back what I said. → I'll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。 Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? → Could you tell us the way to the museum? 你能告诉我去博物馆的路吗？

The poor boy doesn't know when and where he was born. → The poor boy doesn't know the time and the place of his birth. 这个可怜的孩子不知道他出生于何时何地。

四． 改为V-ing 形式。例如：

I remember that I have tol …… 此处隐藏：5769字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……