被害人承诺论文：论刑法中的被害人承诺

被害人承诺,是指法益主体对他人侵害自己可支配的法益的行为所表示的许诺。这一理论在德国等大陆法系国家的刑法学界一直被广泛的讨论,相比之下,我国的刑法学界对此关注较少。

被害人承诺论文：论刑法中的被害人承诺

【中文摘要】被害人承诺,是指法益主体对他人侵害自己可支配的法益的行为所表示的许诺。这一理论在德国等大陆法系国家的刑法学界一直被广泛的讨论,相比之下,我国的刑法学界对此关注较少。虽然被害人承诺对于整个刑法学体系而言,只是一个小问题,但是它牵一发而动全身,且本身充满思辨性,其性质和地位的特殊性又决定了它对于犯罪的成立和量刑具有重大的意义。因此,有必要对这一问题深入展开论述。本文从被害人承诺的历史来源和各个国家、地区的现实状况出发,结合理论界的各种观点,对被害人承诺的概念、性质以及合法性根据进行逐一的分析。通过剖析被害人承诺的本质特征,重新认识被害人承诺理论在我国现行犯罪论体系中的性质和地位。并采用理论联系实际的方法,分析了被害人承诺成立的条件,以更好的获得对被害人承诺的规律性认识。大陆法系中,被害人承诺的性质有区分“合意”与“同意”的二元论、阻却构成要件符合性事由的一元论和阻却违法性事由的一元论三种观点。二元论主张把阻却构成要件符合性的承诺称为“合意”、把阻却违法性的承诺称为“同意”。阻却构成要件符合性事由的一元论认为应在构成要件中解决被害人承诺的问题,只要是有效的被害人承诺,就都具有排除犯罪构成要件符合性的效果。阻却违法性事由的一元论认为法的任务在于保护利益,如果利益人放弃法的保护,法则没有保护它的必要,侵害没有受法保护的利益不能认为是违法。本文持二元论的观点。但是,在我国四要件的犯

被害人承诺,是指法益主体对他人侵害自己可支配的法益的行为所表示的许诺。这一理论在德国等大陆法系国家的刑法学界一直被广泛的讨论,相比之下,我国的刑法学界对此关注较少。

罪构成体系中,被害人承诺难以找到合适的位置,只能按照超法规的违法阻却事由来对待。因此在我国刑法学理论中引进被害人承诺理论,承认被害人承诺的合法性地位有助于解决刑事违法与实质违法的矛盾,法理与情理的对抗。关于被害人承诺的合法性根据,在德国主要有法律行为说、利益放弃说、法的保护放弃说、利益衡量说等观点。在日本主要有法益放弃说、社会相当说、利益衡量说等观点。本文从犯罪的本质特征、法律的价值目标以及刑法的机能三个方面分析和论证了被害人承诺的合法性根据。从承诺的对象、主体和主观条件、承诺的表示、对承诺的认识以及作出承诺的时间六个方面阐述了被害人承诺成立的条件。文章最后针对被害人承诺在我国司法认定中出现的一些疑难问题,例如受嘱托杀人、安乐死、医疗手术行为、拐卖妇女行为以及刑法修正案(八)新规定的活体器官移植等行为,提出了自己的见解和主张。

【英文摘要】The promise from the victim, means that the consent which Law benefit main body gives to other person who will have behavior of infringement to him.This theory is under a far-ranging discussion under the civil criminal law countries like Germany. Comparatively, Chinese civil criminal law

circles pay little attention to this issue.Although, compared with the whole system of criminal law, the issue of promise from the victim is a very small problem. But it is a issue which one change makes all changes. It is full of speculation itself. Its

被害人承诺,是指法益主体对他人侵害自己可支配的法益的行为所表示的许诺。这一理论在德国等大陆法系国家的刑法学界一直被广泛的讨论,相比之下,我国的刑法学界对此关注较少。

nature and status determines that it is of great importance to formation and sentence of the crime.So, it is necessary to have a analysis about this issue!This thesis starts from the historical origin of the promise from the victim, and its current status in different countries and districts. Combine with various views from the theory circles, doing an analysis one by one of its concepts, nature and legality.By analyzing the substantive characters of the promise from the victim, realize again its nature and status in current criminal law system in our country. Link the theory with practice, analyzing the conditions of the promise from the victim, and to acquire a more specific understanding for its regulations. In the end, discuss some puzzling problems in current judicial

identification!Nature of the commitments on victims, “suit” and “consent “ of dualism, the subject negates the

constituent elements of a compliance and negates the law of monism monism the subject of three views.Dualism insists term negates the constituent elements of a compliance as “suit”, and terms negates the incidents of law as “consent”.For monism which emphasize negates the constituent elements of a compliance, it believes that the promise from the victim should be solved. On condition that it is effective, it has the effect

被害人承诺,是指法益主体对他人侵害自己可支配的法益的行为所表示的许诺。这一理论在德国等大陆法系国家的刑法学界一直被广泛的讨论,相比之下,我国的刑法学界对此关注较少。

of compliance.On the contrary, for the monism which emphasize negates the incidents of law, is the beneficial party renounce the protection of law, then there is no necessary for the law to protect him. So, such kind of infringement can not be treated as illegal. I think that the dualistic view is reasonable. But in our system of four element s constitute the crime, the Victim is difficult to find a suitable location, only in accordance with regulations of the law negates the subject of super-treat. So, the theory of the promise from the victim introduced in our criminal law system, which recognize its the legal status, and it will be very useful for solving the contradiction between breaking the criminal and actual law, also the contradiction between law and emotion.About the legal basis of the promise from the victim, in Germany, it has legal act theory; benefit renouncing theory; law protection renouncing theory, and the theory of benefit measurement.In Japan, it has the theory of renouncing legal interests; social equity theory, and the theory of benefit measurement.This thesis start from the nature of criminal, the value of law, and the function of criminal law, to analysis legal basis of the promise from the victim.This thesis starts from the object of promise, subject and

subjective condition, the realization of promise, and the time

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