光照强度对曼陀罗紫罗兰生长发育的影响

光照强度对曼陀罗紫罗兰生长发育的影响

植物生态学报 2012, 36 (3): 243–252 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00243

Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology http://doc.guandang.net

光照强度对曼陀罗和紫花曼陀罗生长发育的影响

毛立彦1* 慕小倩1** 董改改1 崔宏安1 冉俊祥2

1

2西北农林科技大学生命科学学院, 陕西杨凌 712100; 南通出入境检验检疫局, 江苏南通 226005

摘 要 以曼陀罗(Datura stramonium)及其变种紫花曼陀罗(Datura stramonium var. tatual)为研究材料, 采用光照培养箱对盆栽苗进行5个光照强度的处理, 研究其生长发育、叶片解剖结构、叶片及茎色素含量对不同光照强度的响应。结果表明: (1)在试验设置的光照强度范围内, 增强光照强度有利于曼陀罗和紫花曼陀罗的发育及茎、叶生物量的积累; 13 000和18 000 lx两个光照强度下两供试曼陀罗长势最好; 同等光照强度下紫花曼陀罗的株高、基茎粗、叶片数目、茎叶生物量大于曼陀罗, 但差异性不显著。(2)两供试曼陀罗叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度及气孔密度、气孔指数均随着试验光照强度的增强而增加; 紫花曼陀罗气孔密度及气孔指数明显高于曼陀罗。(3)两供试曼陀罗叶片中叶绿素含量均随试验设置光照强度的增强呈先升后降的趋势; 随试验设置光照强度的增强, 两供试曼陀罗茎中叶绿素a、b及类胡萝卜素含量变化趋势不一致; 茎中花色素苷、类黄酮及总酚含量的变化情况是: 两供试曼陀罗均与光照强度呈正相关, 但紫花曼陀罗比曼陀罗含量高, 这也是紫花曼陀罗花、茎等器官呈紫色的物质基础, 加上气孔密度和气孔指数较大等特性, 使紫花曼陀罗较曼陀罗适应性更强。 关键词 曼陀罗, 紫花曼陀罗, 叶片解剖结构, 光照强度, 色素含量

Influence of light intensity on growth of Datura stramonium and D. stramonium var. tatual

MAO Li-Yan1*, MU Xiao-Qian1**, DONG Gai-Gai1, CUI Hong-An1, and RAN Jun-Xiang2

College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; and 2Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226005, China

1

Abstract

Aims Our objective was to investigate the influence of light intensity on growth of Datura stramonium and D. stramonium var. tatual.

Methods Plants of D. stramonium var. tatual and D. stramonium were grown under five levels of light intensity in light incubators. We determined plant growth and pigment concentrations in leaves and stems and studied leaf anatomy.

Important findings Both plants grew best under 13 000 and 18 000 lx and had increased leaf and stem biomass with increased light intensity. Under the same light intensity, stem length, basal stem diameter, blade number, bud length, leaf and stem biomass of D. stramonium var. tatual appeared higher than those of D. stramonium, but most differences were statistically insignificant. Leaf, palisade and spongy thickness and stomatal density and index all increased with increasing light intensity. Under the same light intensity, stomatal density and index of D. stramo-nium var. tatual were significantly higher than those of D. stramonium. For both species, chlorophyll a, b and ca-rotenoid concentrations in leaves showed open downward parabolic trends with increasing light intensity. Chlo-rophyll a, b and carotenoid concentrations increased with increasing light intensity in stems of D. stramonium var. tatual, but showed open downward parabolic trends in D. stramonium. Concentrations of anthocyanin, flavonoids, and total phenols of the two species increased with increasing light intensity. Stems of D. stramonium var. tatual became purple, presumably due to high levels of anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenols. Higher levels of an-thocyanin, flavonoids and total phenols, together with the higher stomatal density and index, may account for the wider distribution of D. stramonium var. tatual. Key words Datura stramonium, Datura stramonium var. tatual, leaf anatomy, light intensity, pigment concen-tration

——————————————————

收稿日期Received: 2011-08-30 接受日期Accepted: 2011-12-07 * E-mail: maoliyan2006@http://doc.guandang.net

** 通讯作者Author for correspondence (E-mail: muxiaoqian@http://doc.guandang.net)

光照强度对曼陀罗紫罗兰生长发育的影响

244 植物生态学报Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2012, 36 (3): 243–252

曼陀罗(Datura stramonium)为茄科曼陀罗属一年生大型草本植物, 原产于热带地区, 现广泛分布于温带和热带地区, 在中国各省区都有分布(中国科学院中国植物志编委会, 2004)。由于其药用特性受到了关注, 关于曼陀罗的植物化学(Berkov et al., 2006; 张宏利等, 2008)、花发育(Aliasgharpour et al., 2000)及花粉形态(周俊英, 2003)、遗传多样性(Cavazos et al., 2000, 2009)及其在农业上的应用(周琳等, 2009)等方面有较多研究报道。我们在资源调查时发现, 曼陀罗在陕西杨凌地区分布的有绿茎、白花的曼陀罗及紫茎、紫花的紫花曼陀罗(Datura stramonium var. tatual), 除了外观颜色的差异外, 曼陀罗与紫花曼陀罗其他生物特性的差异均属未知, 特别是紫花曼陀罗呈紫色变化的原因未见研究报道。光照是植物生长发育必需的环境因子, 近年来已有很多关于植物生长发育(Paiva et al., 2003; 刘国顺等, 2007; 孙晶等, 2011)、生理代谢(姜宏波等, 2009; Srithongkul et al., 2011)、形态建成(安慧和上官周平, 2009)、生物量分配(王俊峰和冯玉龙, 2004; 武高林等, 2010; 朱丹婷等, 2010)等对光照强度响应的研究报道。植物体内的色素是植物显色的重要原因, 研究表明光照强度通过调节植物色素含量比例影响植物显色(姜卫兵等, 2005), 而关于光照强度对曼陀罗茎呈色及其生长特性、叶片形态结构的影响还未见报道。本文以曼陀罗和紫花曼陀罗为供试材料, 通过光照培养箱对其进行光照强度处理, 研究了不同光照强度下曼陀罗生长发育及叶片显微结构和茎、叶的相关色素含量的变化, 旨在明确不同光照对曼陀罗生长特性的影响, 探讨曼陀罗紫变进化的光响应机制, 同时比较了曼陀罗和紫花曼陀罗在不同光照强度的生长特性差异, 研究结果为二者的区别提供了理论依据, 同时对探讨植物变种的适应进化机制具有理论意义。

1 材料和方法

1.1 曼陀罗不同光照强度处理

供试曼陀罗和紫花曼陀罗种子于2009年9–10月采于陕西杨凌。2010年3月剥去种皮于直径11 cm的培养皿中催芽, 每皿50粒, 待每皿发芽率达50%时, 取芽长相似的种子播种于直径15 cm的

http://doc.guandang.net

花盆中, 于PGX-250B光照培养箱中分批培养 …… 此处隐藏：24515字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……