沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习

沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习

一、动词不定式

动词不定式的基本结构为“to do sth”（有时可以省略to）,在句中除了不能充当谓语外其他成分都可以充当，如主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等，这学期我们主要学习动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语。

1.作宾语

需要用动词不定式做宾语的动词有：

want, hope, wish, like ,begin,start, forget, remember, need, ask, learn, decide, would like, try, offer, plan, refuse, agree, help等。

Remember to post the letter.

I hope to stay with you

拓展：

（1）当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常需要形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语（不定式）置于宾语补足语之后，其结构为：主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式。

I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.

（2）当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.

He began to read and write after dinner.

（3）动词不定式可以和疑问词who(m), which, what, when, how, where(why除外)等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。

How to control the water pollution is a big problem.

The trouble is whom to invite.

（4）”疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句

I don’t know what to do next time.= I don’t know what I should do next time.

2.作宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾语补足语时，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或者怎么样。其后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有：

ask, tell, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish, advise等。

The doctor advised him to take a good rest.

We asked him to sing a pop song at the party.

拓展：

（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时，在使役动词和感官动词后面需要省略to，常见的此类动词有：

have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch.

The boss made the workers work over 10 hours a day in the past.

I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike,

（2）help接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号可以省略也可以不省略。

He often comes to help us (to) do some farming work.

3.作目的状语

动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可以放在句子的末尾，但在句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号与句子隔开，而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。

He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.

沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习

练习

1. The children decide _______ their school yard this Friday afternoon.

A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned

2. He lost his key. It made him ______ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.

A.to stay B.stayed C.stays D.stay

3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _______ me.

A.help B.helping C.to help D.helps

4. It was time for class. Mr King asked all the children________ down quietly.

A.sit B.sat C.to sit D.sitting

5. ______ a book in the library, you should enter a key word into the computer first.

A.To find B.Find C.To write D. Write

6.---Which dress do you like best, Madam?

---Sorry, I can’t decide ________ now.

A.to buy which one B.buy which one C.which one to buy D.which I should buy it

7. Try to sing more English songs, and you will find it interesting ______ a foreign language.

A.learning B.learns C.learn D.to learn

8. ---I will go ho Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?

---I haven’t decided where _______.

A.go B.went C.going D.to go

9.--- Why don’t you go out to play, Rose?

---Because I have much homework _______.

A.do B.does C.doing D.to do

二、动名词

Communicating is more than just speaking.交流不仅仅是说话

Debbie enjoys smiling and always looks friendly.黛比喜欢微笑并且看上去总是很友好

I’m looking forward to going to Beijing.我正盼望着去北京。

动名词是由“动词原形+ing”构成，它在句中可作多种成分。

变化规则

一般在词尾加ing。 buy-buying wait-waiting rain-raining

以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing。 use-using ride-riding

以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing。 begin-beginning cut-cutting

少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。 die-dying lie-lying tie-tying

以oe,ee,ye结尾的动词，直接在词尾加ing。 see-seeing flee-fleeing

用法

1.作主语 常位于句首，此时位于动词应使用第三人称单数形式。

Swimming in the sea is her favourite sport.

2.作表语 用于表示主语是什么。

My favourite hobby is collecting stamps.

3.作动词和介词的宾语

I practice speaking English everyday.

沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习

After finishing his homework, he went to bed.

4.作定语 动名词可以用于所修饰的名词前表示该事物的用途，也可以使用“for+动名词”形式位于所修饰的名词前。

a swimming pool=a pool of for swimming.

1.The retired couple enjoy_________ photos. They always go out with their cameras.

A.take B.took C.to take D.taking

2. ---Thanks very much for ___________（invite）me to your birthday party.

3.______ the competition brought her more than just fame.

A. Win B. Winning C. Won D. Winner

4.Watching TV too much _______ good for your eyes.

A.is B.isn’t C.are D.aren’t

5.---Would you mind_______ the window?

--- Not at all.

A.opening B.open C.to open D.opens

6.What about______ the guitar?

A.practising playing B.practise to play C.practise playing D.practising to play

7.They left the room without _____ a word.

A.say B.to say C.saying D.says

三、被动语态

1.No nets are required for this type of fishing.这种捕鱼方式不需要网。

2.Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China...

曾经中国东南部很多地方从事鸬鹚捕鱼业......

3.A music show will be held in the school hall at 4p.m. on Tuesday, 4 May.

5月4日星期二下午4点，将在 …… 此处隐藏：5839字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……