专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)

虚拟语气

1.主从句谓语动词的时态(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:主 句 与现在事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 与过去事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+have done 与将来事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 从 句 were (不分人 称)/did

had doneshould do / were to do

真题举例：

1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd people there.(00, 49) A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t be [C]

If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn. (09, 52) A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been [B] _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (02, 60) A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not [A]

(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间 条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)

真题举例：

1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _____ much better results now. (08, 52) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get [D] 2. _____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand ? (04,54) A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised [A]

(3)识别事实和假设混合句： Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. (句子 前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实) I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)

真题举例：

1. He would have finished his college education, but he _____ to quit and find a job to support his family. (07, 60) A. had had B. has C. had D. would have [C]

2.名词性从句的虚拟形式 从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原 形表示虚拟。 (1)下列表示建议、提议、命令、惊 奇、不满等动词做谓语时，that宾语 从句中的动词用虚拟形式：

desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, propose, prefer, urge, vote。

(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动 词用虚拟形式：

advisable, desirable, insistent, preferab

le, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested, surprised。如： The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.

真题举例：

1. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues [C] 2. It is imperative that the government _____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59) A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract [C]

3. It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on time. (o4, 56) A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in [A] 4. It is necessary that he _____ the assignment without delay. (10, 60) A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in [A]

5. I am surprised ____ this city is a dull place to live in. ( 2006, 57) A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking [A]

(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中 动词用虚拟形式：

insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。如： John Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

真题举例

He left orders that nothing ___ touched until the police arrived here. (97, 43) A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be [A]

I wish + that 用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情 况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其 宾语从句的动词形式为：