定语从句引导词的用法[1]

定语从句引导词的用法

相同点(Similarities)

1.这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；

2.在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语；

3.作宾语，并且前面无介词时都可省略。

The train that/which has just left is for Shanghai． 刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语) The book (that/which) you gave me is wonderful. 你以前给我的那本书好极了。(作宾语,可省略)

不同点(Difference)

1.以下情况常用that。

（1）当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时（all, something, anything, nothing, everything, none, any, some, few, little, much, many等 ）。

Is there anything that I can do for you？有什么要我做的事吗？

He answered few questions that the teacher asked．他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。

（2）当先行词被every, no, the only, the very, the right, the last, just修饰时。

That‘s the only thing that we can do now. 目前我们只能这样了。

Those are the very words that he said. 那就是他的原话。

（3）当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

This is the most interesting book that I’ve had. 这是我拥有的最有趣的书。

The first thing that should be done is to get some food．该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

（4）当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。

They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory．

（5）当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

China is not the country that it was．中国已经不是过去的中国了。

（6）当在以which开头的疑问句中时。

Which is the car that was made in Beijing？ 哪辆是在北京制造的车？

2.以下情况常用which。

（1）当先行词本身就是that时。

What’s that which flashed in the sky just now. 刚从天空一闪而过的是什么？

（2）当关系代词后有插入语时。

Here is the book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.

这就是我给你说过的那本书，它能提高你的英语。

（3）引导非限制性定语从句时。

Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world．

（4）直接放在介词后作定语从句宾语时。

Language is an important tool without which people can't communicate with each other．

不用that的情况：

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时

b) 介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.

多用who 的情况：

①关系代词在从句中做主语

A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

②先行词为those, people 时

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时

One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.

④在There be句型中

There is a stranger who wants to see you.

⑤在被分隔的定语从句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that, 但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。

The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.