太阳能与电能的智能型路灯控制系统的设计

太阳能与电能的智能型路灯控制系统的设计

摘 要

随着全球范围内的能源危机和环境污染问题的日益严重，利用绿色环保的新能源成为科研工作者关心的课题，光伏能源就是在这一背景下得以迅速发展，照明系统正是光伏能源的一个重要应用。传统的光伏照明系统存在很多不足，如何应用新技术进行革新是本论文所要解决的问题。

在传统的光伏照明充电系统中，通常简单的将太阳能电池板与蓄电池直接相连，这将导致太阳能电池板的工作点偏离最大功率点，不能有效利用太阳能电池板的可输出功率；蓄电池因缺乏容量管理而出现过充电或者过放电，造成寿命缩减；传统系统往往欠缺电路主要节点工作状态的远程智能检测、对照明时间和LED亮度等参数的实时调节等功能。

为了解决传统太阳能照明充电系统效率不高、蓄电池寿命短和智能化程度低等问题，本课题设计了一种新型的基于AVR单片机的太阳能照明控制系统，采用UC3906实现蓄电池充电电路，独立的BOOST电路分别驱动两组LED。试验证明，该系统能够实现按照预定参数在三个阶段以不同方式对蓄电池充电，能够准确控制路灯的开启。

关键词 太阳能电池 蓄电池 LED AVR

太阳能与电能的智能型路灯控制系统的设计

Abstract

As the energy crisis and environment pollution has been a worldwide problem, how to make use of the new green energy resources is a task cared by scientists. Photovoltaic energy has been greatly developed under such a background, and lighting system is one of its most important applications. There are many shortcomings in traditional photovoltaic lighting systems, so this paper presents some points about how to reform the traditional system.

In traditional systems, the photovoltaic battery is connected to the lead-acid battery directly. This simple connection will result in a waste in the photovoltaic energy as the operating point is often not accurately the maximum power point. The lead-acid battery is usually not managed according to its capacity status in traditional systems, so this results in short battery life. Lack of the function of remote monitoring of the main nodes, adjusting the LED working time and parameters is another problem.

To solve the problem of low-efficiency, short battery life and low extent of intellectualization, this paper designs a new photovoltaic lighting system based on the AVR micro-controller. Adopting UC3906 to charge the lead-acid battery, and BOOST topology for 2 group LED channels. The experiment results show that the new system realizes Maximum Power Point Tracking, charges the battery in the three stages according to the given parameters, switches on and off the LED accurately.

Key words photovoltaic battery lead-acid battery LED AVR

太阳能与电能的智能型路灯控制系统的设计

目 录

摘 要 ........................................................... I Abstract ........................................................ II

第1章 绪论 ...................................................... 1 1.1 设计目的和意义 ............................................. 1 1.2 国内外相关技术发展概况 ..................................... 2 1.3 本文的设计指标 ............................................. 3 1.4 设计方案 ................................................... 3 第2章 太阳能LED路灯的光伏系统 ................................................................ 5 2.1 太阳能路灯 ................................................................................................. 5 2.2 太阳能电池原理及构造 ............................................................................. 7 2.3 太阳能电池组件设计 ................................................................................. 9 第3章 蓄电池充电与LED路灯控制技术 ....................................................... 11 3.1 蓄电池主要参数 ....................................................................................... 11 3.2 蓄电池的充电 ........................................................................................... 12 3.2.1 蓄电池的充电方式 ............................................................................ 12 3.2.2 蓄电池的充电拓扑结构 .................................................................... 13 3.2.3 基于UC3906的蓄电池充电器 ......................................................... 14 3.3 蓄电池组容量设计 ................................................................................... 19 3.4 辅助电源设计 ........................................................................................... 20 3.5 基于AVR的太阳能LED路灯控制器的设计 ........................................ 25 3.5.1 太阳能LED路灯控制器的功能 ...................................................... 25 3.5.2 基于AVR单片机的智能控制器 ...................................................... 25 3.5.3 太阳能路灯系统的软件设计 ............................................................ 35 第4章 LED固态光源与驱动技术 ................................................................... 39 4.1 LED光源的特点 .................................................................................... 39 4.2 LED的光学特性 .................................................................................... 41 4.3 白光LED驱动技术 ................................................................................. 41 4.3.1 白光LED驱动电源的分类及连接方式 ........................................... 41

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太阳能与电能的智能型路灯控制系统的设计

4.3.2 白光LED恒流驱动电路 .................................................................. 43 4.4 LED照明设计 ........................................................................................... 52 第5章 结论 ........................................................................................................ 53 致 谢 .................................................................................................................. 54 参考文献 .............................................................................................................. 55 附录一 ................................................................................ …… 此处隐藏：13090字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……