高考英语阅读理解解题技巧(3)

来源：网络收集时间：2026-08-07

导读： walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre. With opening night only a week ago, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my parttime job at th

walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre. With opening night only a week ago, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my parttime job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me.

As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible robbers (抢劫犯). Very few people were still out except a few sadlooking homeless people under blankets.

如果仅从文中出现的sick和cold出发，第一感觉就是选择A项。

殊不知，这种得来全不费功夫的答案往往因为缺乏深层思考和整体理解而出错。请看事件的发展（原文中与本题无关的内容略去）：

..., my wallet was nowhere to be found.

Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck(垃圾车)...“Is this what you're looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape.

... but I had gotten my wallet back. I also had gotten back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn't be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other. 最佳答案是D项。根据首段作者想放弃演戏甚至城市生活的消极心态说明我走在大街上的心情，用disappointed形容正确。第二段中的高楼和空寂的大街衬托出我的渺小和无助，因此用helpless形容也很正确。结尾垃圾工拾到我的钱包主动还给我使我对生活有了新的认识，用help each other映衬出作者开始时的helpless。

【例6】 Q: What they have been doing can be described as.

A. pointless B. normal

C. crazy D. successful

本题要求我们对文章主人公Liz和Bill所做的事进行概括描述。不少同学仅从Liz 所说的It started as a crazy idea一句而误选C项。这是典型的望文生义。

请看原文：

Rome had the Forum. London has Speaker's Corner. Now alwaysonthego New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.

Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk. ...

“It started as a crazy idea,” Liz said.

Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.

Marcia had lost her husband to a serious disease. “That was very heavy on my mind,” Marcia said. “To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,” she explained. To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a gettogether in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people showed up, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.

They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say they'll consider.

正确答案是根据Denise和Marcia的实例，倒数第二段所提到的联欢会吸引来人群、摄影师和记者，末段出版商为他们出书的意向等推断而来的。最佳答案为D项。

总之，正确解答推理判断题需要同学们既立足于文章而又不拘泥于文章的个别词句，既要正确理解细节又要利用上下文整体理解，既要正确理解段落，又要把握文章主题, 不被误导，做到由表及里，去伪存真，准确解题。

实战演练：

例4：When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you single?" “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?"

⑨The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.

A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her

C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him

⑩The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.

A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother

C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much

例3：A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,” Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he lives on the western side of the island."Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?

⑦According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________

A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.

B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.

C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.

D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.

四、细节题——多种多样，细心对待

所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案。常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问或用与此相类似的词填空。说明文和叙述文的思考题有相当于部分是此类题）及语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。）抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：

1) When/Where did the story happen?

2) Which of the following statements is (not) correct?

3) Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?

4) Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?

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