高考英语阅读理解解题技巧(2)

来源：网络收集时间：2026-08-07

导读： First, let’s talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be, you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectu

First, let’s talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be, you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, it’s very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the

information a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also, you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isn’t enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading, and the homework. In large universities, graduate students, called teaching assistants, usually direct discussion sections.

If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, you’ll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.（2004重庆卷）

④.The main purpose of this text is .

A. to help the students to learn about university life

B. to persuade the students to attend lectures

C. to encourage the sudents to take part in discussions

D. to advise the students to choose proper majors

二、词义猜测题：解剖麻雀，瞻前顾后。

在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。常见的题干有：

1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？

2) The word... could best be replaced by.

3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).

4) According to the passage,... probably means.

5) The author uses the word... to mean.

1. 解剖麻雀，利用构词法猜测词义。

构词法中合成、派生和转换三种方法要熟悉。猜词时既要分析构词特点又要分析词性，在上下文中找到其相关词汇，比如与该词同类的词是哪些，该词属于文中哪个词涵盖的范围，或者该词能够概括包容哪些词。另外，猜测词义还可以利用句子结构，比如利用表示同位关系的句子结构，如逗号、破折号、that is等引出的同位语，来猜测词义。

【例3】原文：

The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The threeday event is ...

During the opening ceremonies,towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horse race. All the riders run very fast on horseback. Some riders hang off the side of their saddles. Some even ride upside down—their legs and feet straight up in the air—all at full speed. Others rush down the course together, men arm in arm, on different horses. On and on they went. So fast and so wonderful!

Q: The underlined word “finale” in the fourth paragraph most probably means the of the

opening day.

A. first part B. middle

C. last part D. whole

由finale同final在构词特点上的相似，不难发现它们是同源词。再根据上文中threeday event，opening ceremonies等来验证选择C项顺理成章。final是形容词，而finale是名词，指“结局、终曲”。

2. 瞻前顾后，利用上下文猜测词义。

任何词汇在语篇中都不是孤立的，而是紧密地与上下文联系在一起，共同为篇章服务，因此词义猜测离不开上下文的语境。

利用上下文猜测词义首先要搞清生词所处的上下文范围，与之相关的上下文是哪些，其中与生词关系最为紧密的是哪些字眼。

【例4】原文：

Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, 

Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?

Q: The underlined word “cultivated” (Paragraph 1) roughly means.

A. encouragedB. compared

C. examinedD. developed

生词cultivate的上下文论述的是领导能力的形成问题，第二段But which do they develop中develop的宾语是which (skill)，而本句的主语they代表的也是前面的skills，领导才能既然不是天生而来(第二段有born一词提示)，那就是发展培养而来的，因此选择D项。 总之，猜测词义并非孤立的猜测，而是要通过对该词本身以及上下文的分析得出词义。 实战演练：

例一：Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . According the passage, The Pines is a .

A.place in which you can see many mobile homes

B.mountain where you can get a good view of the valley

C.town which happens to be near the Banff National Park

D.restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food

例二I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”

The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”.

A.full of respect B.too confident and rude

cking in experience D.too shy and quiet

例三William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线)，good and ill together.”

The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .

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